摘要
家庭联产承包责任制实施后,伴随着工商业的发展和城乡关系的变革,农户家庭内部对劳动力要素和资源要素投入进行了能动配置,农户经营开始发生变迁,根据土地自发流转规模的扩大,小农户经营开始向中农户及农户型家庭农场等经营类型演化,并产生了纵向递进关系和横向联合关系,农户经营完全可以实现农业的现代化。但一些地方政府在农业治理理念上存在误区,尤其是出于"治理便利"和"创新竞争"的动机,积极推动农地的大规模集中流转或大规模集中服务,力图以超出农户经营范畴的农业经营形式实现农业现代化。在实践过程中,农地规模流转并没有带来预期的效益,不仅分割了农户的经济利益,而且带来了治理风险,农地规模服务也产生了"意外的后果",带来了较高的组织成本并最终陷入停滞状态而难以推广。诸多问题提醒我们,要反思并摒弃激进的农业现代化道路,坚持以农户经营为基础,通过渐进的变迁来实现农业现代化。为了优化这一过程,可以在土地细碎化地权整合及农户经营精准支持等方面寻求政策突破。
Since the implementation of the family co-production contract policy,along with the development of industry and commerce and the transformation of urban-rural relations,farmers’ families have made active allocations of labor and resource inputs,and farmer operations have begun to change. According to the expansion of the scale of spontaneous land transfer,the farmer operation has begun to evolve to the types of management such as the middle peasant family and the peasant family farm,and a vertical progressive relationship and a horizontal joint relationship have emerged. The farmer operation can completely realize the modernization of agriculture. However,some local governments have misunderstandings in the concept of agricultural governance,especially for the motives of"convenient governance"and"innovation competition"to actively promote large-scale centralized circulation of agricultural land or large-scale centralized services. They tried to realize agricultural modernization in the form of agricultural operations beyond the scope of farmer households. However,in practice,the transfer of farmland scale did not bring expected benefits,not only divided the economic benefits of farmers,but also brought the risks of governance. The scale of farmland services also produced"unexpected consequences",which brought relatively high organizational costs and eventually stagnated and difficult to promote. Many issues collectively remind us that we must reflect on and abandon radical agricultural modernization,and insist on the realization of agricultural modernization through gradual changes based on the management of farmers. In order to optimize this process,policy breakthroughs can be sought in areas such as fine land consolidation and precise support for farmers’ operations.
作者
韩鹏云
Han Pengyun(NFU Academy of Chinese Ecological Progress and Forestry Development Studies,Nan Jing,Jiangsu 210037)
出处
《宁夏社会科学》
CSSCI
2020年第4期67-76,共10页
NingXia Social Sciences
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“新时代农村基层党组织带头人队伍分化与整合研究”(项目编号:18BDJ052)的阶段性成果。
关键词
农业现代化
农户经营
土地流转
联耕联种
agricultural modernization
farmer management
land transfer
combined farming and planting
