摘要
职业教育标准化治理涉及三个核心问题:谁是标准制定的主体、如何确定标准化的范围和程度、如何维护标准化的效力。不同国家会基于本国国情给出不同的解决方案。我国职业教育标准化大致经历了基础设施标准建设阶段、教学标准建设阶段和标准体系化阶段。在解决职业教育标准化三大核心问题的过程中,我国政府通过合法化策略调节政府和市场的关系,通过梯队化策略调节中央和地方的关系,通过绩效化策略调节政府和学校的关系,构成了具有中国特色的职业教育标准化治理模式。当前我国职业教育标准化治理还存在官方知识界定权的多方博弈与潜在冲突、“泛标准化”的超限规范与功能迷失、标准化执行的监督缺位与信念不足、标准化工作的专业缺失与低质内卷等困境。未来应建立标准化层级决策模型,构建功能明晰的职业教育标准矩阵;完善标准化治理的内在建制,整体提升标准化治理的专业化水平;以制度改革和理念认同为抓手,促进职业教育标准化治理行稳致远。
The standardization governance of vocational education involves three core issues:who is the subject of standard formulation,how to determine the scope and degree of standardization,and how to maintain the effectiveness of standardization.Different countries will find different solutions based on their national conditions.The standardization of vocational education in China has roughly experienced the stages of infrastructure standard construction,teaching standard construction and standard systematization.In the process of solving the three core problems of vocational education standardization,Chinese government regulates the relationship between the government and the market through legalization strategy,the relationship between the central and local governments through echelon strategy,and the relationship between the government and schools through performance strategy,forming a standardization governance model of vocational education with Chinese characteristics.At present,there are still many dilemmas in the standardization governance of vocational education in China,such as the multi-party game and potential conflict of the right to define official knowledge,the excessive regulation and function loss of“over-standardization”,the lack of supervision and belief in the implementation of standardization,the lack of specialty and low-quality involution of standardization,etc.In the future,we should establish a standardized hierarchical decision-making model and build a functional vocational education standard matrix;Improve the internal organizational system of standardized governance and holistically improve the specialization level of standardized governance.We should also focus on institutional reform and conceptual recognition and ensure the steady development of the standardization governance of vocational education.
作者
李政
LI Zheng(Institute of Vocational and Adult Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)
出处
《西南大学学报（社会科学版）》
北大核心
2023年第1期153-164,共12页
Journal of Southwest University(Social Sciences Edition)
基金
全国教育科学“十三五”规划青年课题“现代职教体系构建背景下我国职教高考制度的基础理论与实践模式研究”(CJA200255),项目负责人:李政。
关键词
标准
职业教育
教育标准化
职业教育标准
标准化治理
standard
vocational education
education standardization
vocational education standards
standardized governance
