摘要
自2019年我国启动1+X证书制度试点以来,X证书的开发与运行成为重点。当前,我国存在由人社部门与教育部门分别主管的国家职业(技能)标准与职业技能等级标准两类标准,如何正确认识两类标准及其关系是职业资格证书有效开发的挑战。国家职业(技能)标准以职业性为逻辑起点,工作要求为等级划分依据,采用职业功能分析法,突出对客观工作任务的要求;职业技能等级标准以专业性为逻辑起点,职业技能为划分依据,采用工作任务分析法,重点在于对个人职业技能的要求。未来这两类标准开发应进一步统一认识和准确定位;加强培训评价组织的开发能力建设;在开发依据上有效融合职业逻辑与教育逻辑;在开发路径上探索基于职业特征的深度开发技术;在开发内容上进一步贯彻综合职业能力的理念。
Since launching the 1+X certificate system pilot in 2019,the development and operation of X certificates have become the focus in China.At present,there are two types of National Vocational(Skills)Standards(NVS)and Vocational Skill Level Standards(VSLS)under the supervision of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Education.They represent different stakeholders and each has its own characteristics.Therefore,how to correctly understand the two types of standards and their relationship is a challenge to the effective development of vocational certificates.NVS takes vocation as the starting point and job requirements as the basis for classification,and the vocational function analysis method is adopted to the development and focuses on the requirements for objective working tasks.VSLS takes profession as the starting point and vocational skills as the basis for classification,and working tasks analysis method is used to the development and focuses on the requirements for personal vocational skills.The future development of the two types of standards should unify understanding and position accurately;strengthen developing capacity of the training and evaluation organizations;effectively integrate the vocational logic and educational logic;explore deep developing technology based on occupational characteristics in developing paths;further implement the concept of comprehensive vocational competence in developing contents.
作者
谢莉花
吴扬
Xie Lihua;Wu Yang(Institute of Vocational Education of Tongji University,Shanghai 200092)
出处
《职业技术教育》
北大核心
2021年第16期21-29,共9页
Vocational and Technical Education
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金课题“职业教育‘1+X’证书制度改革研究:职业资历框架的构建与应用”(20YJC880107),主持人:谢莉花
关键词
国家职业(技能)标准
职业技能等级标准
职业资格证书
1+X证书制度
National Vocational(skills)Standards
Vocational Skills Level Standards
vocational qualification certificates
1+X certificate system
