摘要
侦查机关向网络服务提供者调取数据已成为刑事侦查新常态,但也因此带来一系列实践操作和规范层面的问题,危及公民的隐私及数据权利等。解决这些难题,除刑事诉讼法上重新定位数据调取侦查措施属性外,还可从规范数据披露行为入手。通过界定网络服务提供者在数据侦查中扮演的角色,厘清其关联义务,进而规制刑事数据调取行为。网络服务提供者身兼经营者、公共服务提供者及网络规则重要缔造者三种角色,相应地承担“隐私及数据保护”“协助执法”“参与塑造自由、开放的数字生态”三种义务。这其中,不同义务的并存与博弈、义务之间的优先性以及彼此义务的有限性等,都是值得深入探讨的问题。只有厘清了刑事数据调取中网络服务提供者的义务体系及义务履行事宜,才能有效平衡“国家利益”、“社会公共利益”、用户“隐私及数据权益”及网络服务提供者自身的“经营权益”。
It has become the new normal for criminal investigation that Investigative agencies access data from Internet service providers,but also brings a series of practical operation and normative level problems,and endanger the privacy and data rights.To solve these problems,in addition to repositioning the attributes of data access investigation measures in the criminal procedure law,we can also start by regulating data disclosure practices.By defining the role of internet service providers in data investigation and clarifying their associated obligations,criminal data access behavior is thereby regulated.Internet service providers play three roles:operators,public service providers and important network rule makers,and accordingly assume three obligations:“privacy and data protection”“public service and assistance to law enforcement”,and“participation in shaping a free and open digital ecology”.Among them,the coexistence and game of different obligations,the priority of obligations,and the limited nature of each other’s obligations are all issues worthy of in-depth discussion.Only by clarifying the system of obligations of network service providers and the fulfillment of obligations can we effectively balance the“national security and social public interest”,the“privacy and data rights”of users and the“business interests”of internet service providers themselves.
出处
《法学》
北大核心
2023年第1期151-163,共13页
Law Science
基金
2021年度国家社科基金一般项目“互联网企业数据合规义务研究”(编号21BFX094)的阶段性成果。
关键词
网络服务提供者
刑事数据调取
数据披露
隐私权
internet service provider
criminal data access
data disclosure obligation
right of privacy
