摘要
大数据侦查通过计算机技术对存储于网络与计算机系统中的海量数据进行收集、共享、清洗、对比和挖掘,从而发现犯罪线索、证据信息或者犯罪嫌疑人。大数据侦查主要包括目标驱动型、比对驱动型与事件驱动型三种行为样态,在犯罪预防预测和犯罪侦破领域均有实践应用。大数据侦查对一些基本权利和法律价值构成挑战,有必要对其进行法律控制。然而,传统的法律规范框架存在滞后性,对大数据侦查的法律属性界定模糊,区分数据内容与元数据具有局限性,侦查启动门槛虚置,已然犯罪与未然犯罪界限模糊。对大数据侦查进行法律控制,可采取侦查规范和数据规范的双重路径。在侦查规范方面,应遵循合法性原则、比例原则,加强外部监督和司法监督。在数据规范方面,建议适度引入个人信息保护方面的法律原则和机制,包括确立目的合法与特定原则,赋予信息主体的知悉权与更正权,建立信息安全与数据质量控制机制,以及个人信息使用的监督与救济程序。
Through the use of computer technology to collect,share,screen,compare and unearth data stored online and in computer systems,big data investigations can locate clues,evidence or suspects.Such investigations have three main modes:the goal-driven,the comparison-driven,and event-driven.These are of practical use in crime prevention and predictionand inthefieldofdetection.Asbigdatainvestigations challenge some basic rights and legal values,they have to be brought under legal control.However,the traditional framework of legal norms lags behind.Definition of the legalpropertiesofbigdatainvestigationsis unclear;therearelimitsto differentiating data contents from metadata;the threshold for launching criminal proceedings exists in name only;and the boundary line between ascertained offense and unaccomplished crime is also unclear.Dual approaches can be adopted for gaining legal control of big data investigations:detection standards and data standards.With detection standards,we should follow the principles of legality and proportionality and strengthen external and j udicial oversight.With data standards,we propose introducing appropriate legal principles and mechanisms for protecting personal information,including establishing legitimate aims and specific principles,giving data subjects the right to know and the right to make changes,and setting up arrangements for information security and data quality control,together with procedures for supervision of the use of personal information and relief procedures.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第11期156-180,206,207,共27页
Social Sciences in China
