摘要
目的:调查中国老年人的跌倒风险等级状况,探寻影响跌倒风险的五类健康生态学因素,为本土化全方位的防跌倒干预方案提供参考依据.方法:以2018年中国健康与养老调查数据作为数据来源,测评了 6271名60岁以上老年人的跌倒风险状况;以健康生态学理论作为理论依据,运用Logistic回归模型分析不同跌倒风险老年人的影响因素差异.结果:6 271例样本中,约有40%的老年人(2 540例)处于跌倒高风险,老年人跌倒风险受到五层健康生态学因素共同作用,多因素Logistic回归结果显示,健康状况差、患有慢性病共病、曾髋骨骨折、居住地在农村、家中不通电是影响跌倒风险的危险因素(OR=18.115、1.561、3.082、1.282、2.14,均P<0.05),性别为男性、进行规律的身体活动、已婚、广泛参与社交活动、参加养老保险的老年人处于跌倒高风险状态的概率更低(OR=0.624、0.491、0.24、0.648、0.759,均P<0.05).结论:中国老年人处于高跌倒风险的比例较高,不同跌倒风险在个人特质、行为特质、人际关系、生活工作、制度福利上具有不同的表现,应针对不同风险程度的老年人特质进行聚焦性、细分化干预管理.
Objective To investigate the status of fall risk levels among Chinese older adults,explore the five types of health ecology influencing factors,and provide a reference for localized all-round fall prevention intervention programs.Methods Based on the 2018 China Health and Aging Survey data,the fall risk of 6271 older adults aged over 60 year was measured.By using health ecology theory as a theoretical basis,a binary Logistic regression model was applied to analyze the differences in influencing factors of older adults with different fall risks.Results Among the 6271 elderly cases,about 40%(2540 cases)were at high risk of falling,which was influenced by a combination of five levels of health ecology factors.The results of multifactorial Logistic re-gression showed that poor health,suffering chronic co-morbidities,having had a hip fracture,living in a rural area,and not hav-ing electricity at home were the risk factors to falling(P<0.05),and the older adults with male gender,regular physical activi-ty,married,extensive social participation,and pension insurance were less likely to be at high risk for falls(P<0.05).Conclu-sion The proportion of Chinese older adults at high risk of falls is high.There had different manifestations in personal traits,be-havioral traits,interpersonal relationships,life and work,and institutional welfare for different fall risks.Therefore,it is necessa-ry to implement focused and segmented interventions on the traits of older adults at different risk levels.
作者
邱岚
蒲川
Qiu Lan(Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing,P.R.China)
出处
《中国卫生事业管理》
北大核心
2022年第11期874-880,共7页
Chinese Health Service Management
基金
重庆市2021年技术预见与制度创新项目“基于全生命周期的重点健康管理闭环研究”(cstc2021jsyj-zzysbAX0066)。
关键词
老年人
跌倒风险
影响因素
健康生态学模型
elderly people
fall risk
influencing factors
health ecology model.
