摘要
责任分担是影响日美同盟关系的重要因素。“关怀预算”是责任分担的核心议题,也是日本政府“驻日美军驻扎经费负担”的通称。“关怀预算”在法律上游离于日美安全体制之外,却在事实上成了维护日美同盟稳定性的重要支柱。“关怀预算”缘起于美国将冲绳交给日本之时,日美签署的《财政谅解备忘录》为其雏形。1978年,“关怀预算”以日本政府负担驻日美军基地雇员福利费等的形式得以确立。此后,在以责任分担为导向的同盟互动中,这项支出以《特别措施协定》的方式机制化并不断扩大,最终膨胀为包括SACO相关经费、美军整编相关经费等的“驻日美军相关经费”。这样的演化进程意味着驻日美军对于日本的财政依赖越来越大,日美同盟关系正在倒转为保障美国对日本“搭便车”的机制。
Burden-Sharing is a vital factor affecting the U.S.-Japan alliance.The"sympathy budget",the core issue of Burden-Sharing,is a generic term for the cost of the stationing of U.S.forces in Japan by the Japanese government Although the"sympathy budget"is legally outside the U.S.-Japan security alliance system,it has become the pillar for maintaining the stability of the U.S.-Japan alliance.The Sympathy Budget arose from the problem of Okinawa’s return;the Memorandum of Understanding signed by Japan and the United States as its prototype.The definitive form of the Sympathy Budget was taken shape when the Japanese government’s contribution to the welfare of employees of the U.S.military bases in Japan in 1978.Since then,this expenditure has been strengthened under the alliance interactions oriented by responsibility sharing,and finally expanded into the Cost of the Stationing of the U.S.Forces in Japan together relate to the Sino-American Cooperative Organization’s(SACO)funding and the United States Forces in Japan(USFJ).This evolutionary process means that the Japan-U.S.alliance continues to strengthen,and the U.S.forces stationed in Japan rely more and more on Japan financially.The alliance is turning into a mechanism to guarantee the U.S.to free ride on Japan.
作者
田凯
郭花
Tian Kai;Guo Hua
出处
《日本学刊》
CSSCI
2022年第6期24-48,149,150,152,共28页
Japanese Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“日本自卫队史研究”(编号:21BSS040)。
