摘要
轻罪重判超期羁押的国家责任问题历来饱受争议。一般来说,法院会根据《国家赔偿法》第17条的规定决定不予赔偿,但近年来不断出现绕开实定法而直接决定赔偿的案件。虽然这些结论值得肯定,但为了追求个案正义而进行“法外裁判”同样容易招致怀疑和诘难,并且由于缺少决定根据和释法说理而不具备普遍参考价值。有鉴于此,本文在类案实证考察的基础上,试图基于结果归责和危险归责两种思路证成其国家责任。从解释论上来说,鉴于当前国家责任立法尚未明确区别赔偿与补偿,故该类案件可按结果归责的逻辑,通过体系解释和目的解释的方法证成国家赔偿责任。但是,结果归责本身是存在理论缺陷的,而且这种证成思路也偏离了该类案件国家责任的本质属性,所以必须通过公法上的危险归责来解决责任判定难题。就立法论上来说,未来立法应当依循危险归责的路径规定其国家责任的补偿属性,并从责任基础、归责根据、答责范围和担责标准四个方面建构国家危险责任。
The issue of state responsibility for excessive sentence and extended detention has always been controversial. Generally speaking, the court will decide not to pay compensation according to the provisions of Article 17 of the National Compensation Law, but in recent years, there have been cases in which compensation was directly determined by bypassing the substantive law. Although these conclusions are worthy of affirmation, the “extrajudicial adjudication” in pursuit of individual justice is also prone to suspicion and criticism, and has no general reference value due to the lack of decision basis and interpretation reasoning. In view of this, based on the empirical investigation of similar cases, this paper attempts to justify its state responsibility based on the two ideas: result imputation and danger imputation. From the interpretation theory, since the current state responsibility legislation has not clearly differentiated between compensation and making-up, such cases can justify state responsibility by the method of system interpretation and purpose interpretation according to the logic of result imputation. However, the result imputation itself has theoretical flaws, and this kind of proof thinking also deviates from the essential attributes of such cases, so the problem of responsibility determination must be solved through the danger imputation in public law. In terms of legislation theory, future legislation should follow the path of danger imputation to define the making-up attribute of state responsibility, and construct state danger responsibility from four aspects: the basis of responsibility, the basis for attribution, the scope of responsibility, and the standard of responsibility.
作者
张航
ZHANG Hang(School of Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088)
出处
《行政法学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第6期161-176,共16页
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“行政法总则制定的理论与实践问题研究”(项目编号:21&ZD191)的阶段性成果。
关键词
轻罪重判超期羁押
结果归责
国家赔偿
危险归责
国家补偿
Excessive Sentence and Extended Detention
Result Imputation
State Compensation
Danger Imputation
State Making-up
