摘要
从体系视角观察国际公约、普通刑法、特别刑法和刑法外规范,以及典型域外国家的规定,无论是既有定义,还是基于法条的归纳,恐怖主义概念的主客观要素虽有较大区别,但大体都具有“手段+样态+目的”这样的基本组合。基于故意中认识和意志要素与外部客观要素一致性的要求,不同的表述均能实现客观上手段和样态组合的协调一致,也能解释部分主观要素转变为客观要素的合理性。德国刑法上行为需具有“适格性”这一要求可借鉴为我国恐怖主义概念的客观内容。主观方面的政治性目的是恐怖主义的应然之义,但在刑法上可用推定性认定代替正面证明。
From the system perspective,international conventions,ordinary criminal law,special criminal law,other norms beyond criminal law,as well as the provisions of typical foreign countries,are quite distinct from each other in terms of the subjective and objective elements of the concept of terrorism,no matter basing on the existing definition or the induction of the articles.However,the concepts of terrorism share common features in terms of a combination of means,forms,and purposes.Based on the requirement of consistency in the cognition,elements of will in intention,and the external objective elements,different expressions can achieve the coordination between objective means and state combinations,and can also explain the rationality of transforming some subjective elements into objective elements.The requirement for“fitness”of behavior that applied in German criminal law can be used as the objective content of the concept of terrorism in China.In the subjective aspect,the political purpose is the proper meaning of terrorism,but in criminal law,presumption can be used instead of positive proof.
出处
《刑法论丛》
2022年第1期285-308,共24页
Criminal Law Review
关键词
恐怖主义
定义
恐怖活动
政治性目的
特别刑法
terrorism
definition
terrorist activities
political purposes
special criminal law
