摘要
提高博士后科研创新能力是助力博士后突破“科研围城”的内生路径。研究针对“双一流”建设高校博士后展开问卷调查,探究个体特征、组织制度和学术环境对科研创新能力的影响效应及运作机制。结果显示,性别、学科类型、聘任类型、毕业院校与工作单位的同一性、科研投入时间、参加学术交流和科研项目对博士后科研创新能力存在不同程度的影响;控制个体特征变量后,学术评价、管理制度、组织支持和科研效能感对科研创新能力仍产生显著正向影响;各类变量对中低分位值博士后科研创新能力的提升效益更高;科研效能感对解释博士后科研创新思维、科研创新实践和科研创新特质差异的贡献率最高;博士后科研创新能力的影响机制表现出从宏观到微观、从环境到个体的逐级传递效应。基于此,建议在以下三方面采取措施以激发科研创新能力:因材施策、因人而异,分层分类提供支持性资源;净化学术生态环境,重构学术系统的文化氛围和评价规则;改善博士后管理制度与组织支持,优化科研经费资助体系和职业晋升机制。
To improve the ability of postdoctoral research innovation is an endogenous path to help postdoctoral researchers to break through the“encircled city of scientific research”.A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the influence,contribution rate and operation mechanism of individual characteristics,organizational system and environmental factors on scientific research innovation of postdoctoral researchers in the“Double First-Class”universities.The results show that gender,discipline type,employment type,identity of graduate institution and work unit,research investment time,participation in academic exchanges and research projects all have different degrees of influence on research innovation;after controlling for individual characteristic variables,academic evaluation,management system,organizational support and scientific research efficacy have significant positive effects on scientific research innovation;all kinds of variables have higher promotion benefits for the middle and low quantile value of postdoctoral research innovation;research efficacy contributed the most to explain the differences in innovative thinking,innovative practice and innovative characteristics of postdoctoral researchers;the influencing mechanism of postdoctoral research innovation shows a cascading effect from macro to micro and from environment to individual.Therefore,it is suggested to take measures in the following three aspects to stimulate research innovation:policies should be adopted according to the material,and support resources should be provided by stratification and classification;purify the academic ecological environment,and reconstruct the cultural atmosphere and evaluation rules of the academic system;improve the postdoctoral management system and organizational support,improve the research funding system and the career promotion mechanism of postdoctoral researchers.
作者
马立超
姚昊
MA Lichao;YAO Hao(Institute of Education,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Faculty of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)
出处
《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第5期68-79,共12页
Journal of Educational Science of Hunan Normal University
基金
上海市哲学社会科学规划教育学一般项目“我国高等教育普及化阶段的公平、质量、结构及布局研究”[A2021008]
华东师范大学教育学部科研基金重点课题“一流高校博士后科研评价的制度空间与行为塑造”[ECNUFOE2020ZD036]。
关键词
博士后
科研创新能力
学术评价
管理制度
组织支持
科研效能感
postdoctoral researchers
research innovation
academic evaluation
management system
organizational support
scientific research efficacy
