摘要
自动化技术的快速发展与应用给经济和社会带来了广泛而深远的影响。当前,以工业机器人为代表的自动化技术正逐步接替以往由人工执行的任务,将改变劳动力市场的不同技能需求和就业结构。本文使用中国制造业工业机器人应用数据和上市企业数据,选取GPSM方法检验了工业机器人应用与企业劳动力需求之间的因果关系。检验结果表明:工业机器人应用对劳动力需求具有显著的促进作用,并且对不同技能劳动力需求的影响存在差异。区分制造业行业类别的检验结果也均支持上述结论。此外,中介效应的结果显示,全要素生产率作为工业机器人影响企业劳动力需求的重要传导机制,其解释力度达到总效应的49.34%。本文在微观视角下,为企业如何抓住自动化技术的机会提供了新思路。
The rapid development and application of automation technology has brought extensive and far-reaching inf luence to the economy and society.At present,automation technology represented by industrial robots is gradually replacing the tasks performed by humans in the past,which will change the different skill requirements and employment structure of the labor market.Based on data of China's listed manufacturing firms and robot usage data from the International Federation of Robotics(IFR),this paper uses Generalized Propensity Score Methodology to investigate causal relationship between the application of industrial robots and the labor demand of the manufacturing firms.The research results show that:The application of industrial robots can significantly improve the labor demand of the manufacturing firms,and there are differences in the promotion effect on the demand for labor with different skills.The test results that distinguish the manufacturing industry categories also support the above conclusions.In addition,the analysis of intermediary effect shows that Total Factor Productivity(TFP)is the important transmission mechanism of industrial robots influencing the labor demand,with the explanatory power being over 49.43%of the total effect.From a microscopic perspective,the paper provides a new idea for enterprises as to how to deal with the impact of automation technology.
作者
司京艳
张建武
SI Jing-yan;ZHANG Jian-wu(Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,Guangzhou,510425)
出处
《中国劳动》
2022年第4期62-79,共18页
China Labor
基金
广东省哲学社会科学规划2021年度一般项目“粤港澳大湾区劳动力供求对区域经济增长的影响机制和对策研究”,项目编号:GD21CYJ26
国家自然科学基金项目和广东省教育厅重大培育项目“对外贸易结构调整对劳动力市场的影响机制与政策研究”(71673063),项目编号:2016WZDXM027。
