摘要
为了探索稻鱼模式下水稻氮肥高效施用技术,实现减肥增效的生产目标,以杂交籼稻隆两优1206为试验材料,在稻鱼共作模式下设置了4个水稻施氮处理,分别为:N0不施氮肥处理、CK当地常规施氮处理(纯氮用量为180 kg/hm^(2),按分蘖肥∶促花肥∶保花肥=5∶2.5∶2.5施用)、N1氮肥减量处理(纯氮用量为120 kg/hm^(2),按分蘖肥∶促花肥∶保花肥=5∶2.5∶2.5施用)、N2氮肥减量后移处理(纯氮用量为120 kg/hm^(2),按分蘖肥∶促花肥∶保花肥=0∶5∶5施用),研究了不同处理下水稻生长特性、产量和氮肥利用率的变化规律。结果表明:与CK处理相比,N2处理显著降低了有效分蘖叶龄期水稻的分蘖数和倒4叶期水稻的干物质积累量,但在有效分蘖叶龄期的分蘖数达到了CK处理有效穗数的88.54%,已经够苗。施穗肥后N2处理增加了水稻的干物质积累量、有效穗数和穗粒数,同时显著降低了水稻的高峰苗,提高了成穗率,两年的水稻产量比CK处理分别增加了6.39%和8.57%。同时,N2处理降低了水稻成熟期土壤水解氮的残留,水稻氮素收获指数、氮素干物质生产效率、氮素谷物生产效率、氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学利用率分别比CK处理提高了5.63%、12.99 kg/kg、12.91 kg/kg、28.45 kg/kg和7.79 kg/kg,增幅分别达9.33%、15.56%、29.14%、59.57%和120.77%,差异均达到显著水平。可见,水稻氮肥减量后移施用,能够显著降低水稻高峰苗,提高水稻成穗率、后期干物质含量、有效穗数、穗粒数和氮肥农学利用效率,从而提高产量。在西南地区烟后稻田养鱼模式下,茬口土壤全氮和水解氮分别在1.79 g/kg和160.02 mg/kg以上,水稻采用总施氮为120 kg/hm^(2),按分蘖肥∶促花肥∶保花肥=0∶5∶5比例的施用,可以实现水稻减氮33.3%、增产6.39%以上的目标。
In order to explore nitrogen(N)high-efficiency application technology of rice under rice-fish coculture and achieve the goal of N reduction and efficiency increase,a field plot experiment was conducted under rice-fish coculture with Longliangyou 1206 as planting material,in which four different N application treatments of rice were designed,1)N0:no N application;2)CK:local conventional N application,180 kg/hm^(2),50%topdressing at 15d after transplanting,25%and 25%topdressing at 4^(th) and 2^(nd) leaves emerged from the top,respectively;3)N1:reducing N application,120 kg/hm^(2),50%topdressing at 15d after transplanting,25%and 25%topdressing at 4^(th) and 2^(nd) leaves emerged from the top,respectively;4)N2:reducing and postponing N application,120 kg/hm^(2),50%and 50%topdressing at 4^(th) and 2^(nd) leaves emerged from the top,respectively.Rice growth characteristics,N use efficiency,yield and yield components were measured.Results show that N2 treatment significantly reduces the number of tillers at the critical leaf age for productive tillers and the dry matter accumulation of rice at the inverse 4^(th) leaf stage,but the number of tillers at the critical leaf age for productive tillers reaches more than 88.54%of the effective panicles of the CK treatment,which is enough for tillers.The application of panicle N fertilizer increases the dry matter accumulation,effective panicles and number of grains per panicle under N2 treatment,and significantly reduces the peak seedling of rice and improves the spike rate.The rice yields in the two years are increased by 6.39%and 8.57%respectively,compared with the CK treatment.At the same time,the N2 treatment reduces the residue of hydrolysable N in soil at rice maturity stage,and N harvest index,N use efficiency for biomass production,N use efficiency for grain production,partial factor productivity of applied N and N agronomy efficiency are 5.63%,12.99 kg/kg,12.91 kg/kg,28.45 kg/kg and 7.79 kg/kg higher than the CK treatment(P<0.05),increased by 9.33%,15.56%,29.14%,59.57%
作者
龙瑞平
杨兆春
穆家伟
鲁康兴
李维刚
李贵勇
夏琼梅
朱海平
杨久
张君莉
王瑶
杨从党
LONG Ruiping;YANG Zhaochun;MU Jiawei;LU Kangxing;LI Weigang;LI Guiyong;XIA Qiongmei;ZHU Haiping;YANG Jiu;ZHANG Junli;WANG Yao;YANG Congdang(Food Crops Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Tengchong County,Tengchong,Yunnan 679100,China;Comprehensive Agricultural Service Center of Puchuan Township,Tengchong,Yunnan 679100,China)
出处
《土壤》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第4期708-714,共7页
Soils
基金
云南省芒市优质米产业科技特派团项目(202104BI090025)
云南省重大科技专项(202102AE090004)
云南省财政部门预算项目重大专项(530000210000000013809)资助。
关键词
稻鱼共作
氮肥减量后移
水稻产量
氮肥利用效率
Rice-fish coculture
Postponing and decreasing of nitrogen
Yield of rice
Nitrogen use efficiency
