摘要
以"沈农265"为试材,在该品种主栽区最适宜施氮量(225 kg hm2)和两种基蘖肥与穗肥施氮比例(8∶2和6∶4)基础上开展大田筒栽试验,轻简3次施肥条件下依叶龄设置25种蘖、穗氮肥运筹模式(蘖肥在源建成期6~10叶逐叶施用,穗肥在库建成期11~15叶逐叶施用)及对照组(不施氮),探索蘖肥时期促蘖、保蘖的最佳施氮叶龄和穗肥时期促花、保花的最佳施氮叶龄,进一步确定最有利于产量提高的蘖肥与穗肥叶龄施氮组合,可望为高产高效施肥模式提供依据。结果表明:高产的穗肥与蘖肥叶龄组合包括8∶2比例下的8叶~11叶期、8叶~12叶期、9叶~12叶期、10叶~12叶期、10叶~14叶期和6∶4比例下的8叶~13叶期、9叶~12叶期、10叶~12叶期、10叶~13叶期,高产的蘖肥叶龄多数在8叶、9叶和10叶,分析证明9叶、10叶为保蘖肥(6叶、7叶为促蘖肥,8叶兼具促保作用),因此,保蘖肥比促蘖肥对沈农265增产作用更大;高产的穗肥叶龄多数在12叶期,分析证明11叶、12叶为促花肥(14叶、15叶为保花肥,13叶兼具促保作用),在12叶期追施穗肥有利于增加每穗分化颖花数和现存颖花数,可见,同为穗肥,两种穗肥效果明显不同,促花肥比保花肥更重要。综上,轻简施肥和等氮量前提下9叶~12叶期和10叶~12叶期组合是较优越的蘖、穗氮肥叶龄运筹模式,说明该地区水稻生产中应注重保蘖肥和促花肥的科学合理施用。
Taking"Shennong 265"as the test material and adopting the optimum nitrogen(N)fertilizer rate(225 kg hm-2)and two ratios of N applications of based on-tillering and panicle fertilizer(8∶2 and 6∶4)in the main planting area,a field plot planting test was carried out.About 25 ratios of tillering to panicle N fertilizer applications were set based on leaf age under 3 simplified fertilization conditions(the tillering fertilizer was applied leaf by leaf in the period of the 6 th-10 thleaves of the source-building stage,while the panicle fertilizer in the 11 th-15 thleaves of the reservoir-building stage)and.The purposes of this study was to explore the optimum leaf age of N application for tiller promoting and protecting during the tillering fertilizer period and for flower promoting and protecting during the panicle fertilizer period,and further to determine the combinations of leaf age when tillering and panicle N fertilizer were applied,and eventually to provide a basis for high-yield and high-efficiency fertilization mode.The results showed that the combinations of leaf age when the tillering and panicle fertilizers were applied at the ratio of 8∶2 and 6∶4 for high yield included the 8 th-11 th,8 th-12 th,9 th-12 th,10 th-12 th,10 th-14 thleaf agesand the 8 th-13 th,9 th-12 th,10 th-12 th,10 th-13 thleaf ages,respectively.The leaf ages were mostly at the 8 th9 thor 10 thleaf when high-yield tillering fertilizer was applied.The tiller protecting fertilizer was applied at the 9 thor 10 thleaf 6 thor 7 thleaf,while the fertilizer application had both promoting and protecting effects at the 8 th leaf age.Therefore,the tiller protecting fertilizer greatly increased the rice yield compared with tiller promoting fertilizer.In contrast,applying panicle fertilizer at the 12 thleaf stage helped to increase high yield.The flower promoting fertilizer was applied at the 11 thor 12 thleavf stage,flower protecting fertilizer was applied at the 14 th leaf or 15 thleaf stage.The application of fertilizer had both promoting a
作者
金丹丹
杨继芬
张文忠
孙文涛
高继平
JIN Dan-dan;YANG Ji-fen;ZHANG Wen-zhong;SUN Wen-tao;GAO Ji-ping(Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources Research Institute,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Science,Shenyang 110161,China)
出处
《土壤通报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第4期950-957,共8页
Chinese Journal of Soil Science
基金
辽宁省博士科研启动基金计划项目(2019-BS-135)
国家重点研发计划专项(2018YFD0300300)资助
关键词
水稻
产量
颖花
叶龄
氮肥运筹
Rice
Yield
Spikelet
Leaf age
Nitrogen fertilizer application
