摘要
企业研发一方面产生正的知识溢出效应使其社会收益通常高于私人收益,这是政府干预企业创新的重要理论依据;另一方面会产生负的偷生意效应(business stealing effect),因此,同时考虑两种研发外部性,并对企业研发的社会收益与私人收益进行测算,对于创新激励政策的实施具有重要意义。本文使用2007—2019年制造业上市公司样本,通过衡量企业间在技术空间、地理空间、产品市场空间中的邻近关系,识别知识溢出效应与偷生意效应,并在此基础上构建由企业研发方程、生产率方程、价值方程所组成的方程系统,进而测算企业研发的社会收益与私人收益。研究结果表明:平均而言,企业知识资本增加1单位所带来的社会收益约为0.083单位,所带来的私人收益约为0.022单位,研发社会收益约是研发私人收益的3.4倍。这意味着即使考虑了偷生意效应,从福利视角来看企业的研发投入仍低于社会最优水平,当前应进一步实施创新激励政策,促使企业加大研发投入,同时应采取措施增强正的知识溢出效应,缓解偷生意效应的不利影响,更为有效地发挥创新对于经济发展的驱动作用。
On the one hand,corporate R&D has a positive knowledge spillover effect that makes social returns usually higher than private returns,providing an important theoretical basis for government intervention in corporate innovation.On the other hand,it also has a negative business stealing effect.Therefore,it is crucial to consider both externalities simultaneously and measure the social and private returns of corporate R&D to implement innovation incentive policies.Based on samples of listed manufacturing companies from 2007 to 2019,this paper identifies the knowledge spillover effect and the business-stealing effect by measuring the proximity relationship among companies in technological,geographical,and product market space.Then,it constructs an equation system consisting of corporate R&D,productivity and value equations,in order to measure the social and private returns of corporate R&D.It is found that the average increase of one unit in a company’s knowledge capital generates approximately 0.083 units of social returns and 0.022 units of private returns,with the former being around 3.4 times the latter.Even considering the business stealing effect,corporate R&D investment is still below the optimal social level from the welfare perspective.Thus,innovation incentive policies should be further implemented to encourage enterprises to increase R&D investment,and measures should be taken to strengthen the positive impact of the knowledge spillover effect,and alleviate the negative impact of the business stealing effect,to play the driving role of innovation in economic development more effectively.
作者
涂心语
严晓玲
TU Xinyu;YAN Xiaoling(Fujian Jiangxia University,Fuzhou 350108;Nankai University,Tianjin 300071)
出处
《经济与管理研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第9期127-142,共16页
Research on Economics and Management
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“创新引领发展的机制与对策研究”(18ZDA102)。
关键词
研发创新
社会收益
私人收益
溢出
外部性
生产率
R&D and innovation
social return
private return
spillover
externality
productivity
