摘要
以果园灌溉水、土壤、使用的农药和肥料、果实为试材,测定其Cd、Pb、Hg含量,对果实Cd、Pb、Hg富集系数进行了计算,研究了果园管理对果实重金属含量变化的影响,以期为果园重金属污染防治和果品质量提高提供参考依据。结果表明:灌溉水Cd含量由大到小的顺序为1、7、4月和10月,Pb含量由大到小的顺序为7、10、1月和4月,Hg含量由大到小的顺序为10、1、7、4月。鸡粪、农药、化肥中Cd、Pb含量较高,农药和鸡粪中Hg含量较高;果实重金属富集系数由大到小顺序均为梨树、葡萄、樱桃。重金属的主要受体是土壤,果树在生长过程中吸收重金属,对果实中重金属含量富集具有一定影响。建议在果园施用无污染的精致有机肥,减少化肥使用量,用高效低毒的生物农药代替化学农药,逐步降低果实重金属含量。
The irrigation water,soil,fertilizers,and fruit in orchard were used as test materials.The Cd,Pb and Hg contents of the above samples were determined and the enrichment factors of Cd,Pb and Hg in fruits were calculated.The effect of fruit tree management on the change of heavy metal content in fruit was studied,in order to provide reference for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in orchards and improve fruit quality.The results showed that the order of Cd content in irrigation water from big to small was January,July,April and October,the order of Pb content from large to small was July,October,January and April,and the order of Hg content from large to small was October,January,July and April.The contents of Cd and Pb in chicken manure,pesticide and fertilizer were higher than that of Hg,and the contents of Hg in pesticide and chicken manure were higher that of Cd and Pb.The final receptor of these heavy metals was soil,which absorbs these heavy metals during the growth of fruit trees,and had a great influence on the concentration of heavy metals in fruits.The heavy metal enrichment coefficient of the fruits were in the order of pear,grape and cherry from large to small.It was suggested to apply fine organic fertilizer without pollution,reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer,and replace chemical pesticides with biological pesticides with high efficiency and low toxicity to reduce the content of heavy metals in fruits gradually.
作者
白保勋
徐婷婷
陈东海
吴小波
杨海龙
BAI Baoxun;XU Tingting;CHEN Donghai;WU Xiaobo;YANG Hailong(Zhengzhou Agriculture and Forestry Seience Institute,Zhengzhou,Henan 450005)
出处
《北方园艺》
CAS
北大核心
2022年第16期91-96,共6页
Northern Horticulture
基金
国家农业环境中原观测实验点观测监测资助项目(NAES-AE-051)。
关键词
果园
重金属污染
果实富集
果品安全
orchard
heavy metal accumulation
fruit enrichment
fruit security
