摘要
为推进“放管服”改革,行政机关实施了形态多样的行政权力下放。但由行政机关自行决定行政权力下放存在违背权力设定机关的意志、程序不合规范、损害公民和有关组织获得救济的权益等法律风险,以及模糊上下级间的职权界限、妨碍行政权力的正当有效行使、下放根本没有必要下放的权力等管理风险。行政权力下放应予以规范:第一,行政权力下放应符合主体和程序上的合法要件,作为一种行政授权,其决定主体应是行政权的原授予机关或其上级,同时还应履行公众参与、科学评估和信息公开等程序;第二,上级行政机关应确保下级行政机关具备行使下放权力的组织条件,并在权力下放后开展业务指导、权力监督与评议考核等工作;第三,在原告针对对外公告的权力承接机关提起的行政诉讼中,法院应认可被告资格并对权力下放规定尽可能进行审查;第四,应由行政组织方面的立法统一设置各行政机关的职责权限,并明确行政权力如何变动。
In order to promote “Fangguanfu” reform, administrative organs have implemented various forms of administrative devolution. However, if the administrative organs decide on their own to delegate powers, there will be legal risks: the devolution may violate the will of the power-setting organs and the legal procedure as well, or infring the interest of citizens and relevant organizations to obtain legal remedy;besides, there will also be management risks such as to damage administrative efficiency, to be harmful to the proper and effective exercise of the authority or to cause unnecessary costs. Administrative devolution should be standardized. Firstly, administrative devolution should obey the legal requirements of subject and procedure: as a kind of administrative authorization, it should be decided by the organ setting framework of administrative power originally or its superior organ, and it should perform the procedural steps of public participation, specific evaluation, and information disclosure. Secondly, the higher administrative organs should ensure that the lower administrative organs have the organizational conditions to exercise the delegated power. After the power is delegated, they should carry out work guidance, power supervision and evaluation. Thirdly, in the administrative litigation in which the plaintiff sues against the authority undertaking power devolved announced publicly, the court shall recognize the defendant’s qualification and conduct an incidental review of the provisions on devolution. Fourthly, the responsibility and authority of each administrative organ as well as the conditions to change them should be uniformly set by the legislation of administrative organization.
作者
张青波
童浩文
ZHANG Qing-bo;TONG Hao-wen(Zhongnan University of Economics and Law)
出处
《华中科技大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第5期49-59,共11页
Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)
基金
湖北省社会科学基金“当代中国语境下大学生法治思维培养研究”(19ZD113)。
关键词
“放管服”改革
行政权力下放
行政授权
行政职权
行政组织法
“Fangguanfu”reform
administrative devolution
administrative authorization
administrative power
administrative organizational law
