摘要
为了提升动力锂离子电池系统的安全性,除了一些常规保护措施(电池冷却、电量监测、过热报警等)外,增加抑制锂离子电池早期热失控及火灾的防护系统也是必要的。针对某型电动客车锂离子电池箱的50 Ah三元锂离子电池,开展了锂离子电池单体火灾试验、锂离子电池箱火灾抑制试验及锂离子电池早期热失控抑制试验,验证低压细水雾灭火系统对于锂离子电池箱热失控安全防护的效果。结果表明,该类型三元锂离子在800 W功率的加热下,会瞬间发生爆燃,燃烧时间为69 s。低压细水雾系统成功实现了对动力锂离子电池箱内火灾及单颗锂离子电池早期热失控的抑制。在锂离子电池火灾及早期热失控抑制的过程中,均未观察到复燃及模组间热失控的传播。
To improve the safety of power lithium battery packages,except for some regular protection methods(cooling,power monitoring,overheating alert,etc.),it is very necessary to set up the protection systems to inhibit the early thermal runaway of lithium batteries and suppress lithium battery fires.For a certain type of 50 A·h NCM lithium battery in an electric bus package,the single lithium battery fire experiment,lithium battery package fire suppression experiments,and lithium battery package early thermal runaway inhibition experiments were conducted to verify the effect of the low-pressure water mist fire extinguishing system for package safety protection.From the thermal runaway experiment of a single lithium battery under open space,the temperature curves can be divided into three stages:pre-heating,volume expanding,and deflagration.Under the heating power of 800 W,the lithium battery instantaneously burst into flame and the combustion lasted for 69 s.In the package test,lithium batteries instantly deflagrated and the flame quickly spread to the entire package.The low-pressure water mist system can successfully inhibit lithium battery package fires within 9 s on average.No secondary re-ignition occurred,and no propagation of thermal runaway between lithium batteries was found.In addition,the inhibition of early thermal runaway of lithium batteries can be achieved by multiple sprays with fixed time intervals.The early thermal runaway of the lithium battery was effectively inhibited by four sprays when the single cell was heated up to 80℃.The duration of a single spray was 20 s,and the time interval was 5 min.For a single water spray,it could cause an average of 5.7℃ambient temperature reduction,as well as a 7.3℃reduction of the lithium battery undergoing thermal runaway.During the early thermal runaway inhibition,no re-ignition and inter-module thermal runaway propagation were observed.
作者
赵军超
付阳阳
薛峰
何盼
孙伟
杨晖
ZHAO Jun-chao;FU Yang-yang;XUE Feng;HE Pan;SUN Wei;YANG Hui(State Key Laboratory of Fire Science,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Acoustic Low Pressure and Environmental Protection R&D Center,Research Institute of Tsinghua,Pearl River Delta,Guangzhou 510530,China;Suzhou Guanghua Sonic Application Technology Co.,Ltd.,Suzhou 205021,Jiangsu,China)
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第4期1897-1903,共7页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
民航热灾害防控与应急重点试验室开放基金项目(RZH2020-KF-02)。
关键词
安全工程
三元锂离子电池
安全性
热失控
细水雾灭火系统
safety engineering
NCM lithium battery
safety
thermal runaway
water mist fire extinguishing system
