摘要
为提高锂离子电池典型应用场所的消防安全等级,优化锂电池生产场所、电动汽车以及储能电站的消防安全设计,分析了三元锂电池过热诱导的火灾行为,并采用“预先抑制、早期喷放”的策略,开展了全密闭环境下三元锂电池单体和模组的热失控抑制试验。研究发现:全密闭环境下的三元锂电池单体在热的作用下,依次经历了鼓包、冒烟、火星喷射及爆燃4个热失控阶段。三元锂电池过热诱导热失控时,电池电压突变较温度更早,宜以电压值作为热失控的早期特征探测参数,灵敏度和精度都更高。全密闭环境下,FK-5-1-12灭火剂对三元锂电池单体的热失控具有良好的抑制效果,并能避免爆燃现象,但未能避免三元锂电池模组的爆燃现象;避免爆燃的关键是热失控探测效能、初始流量设计和喷放时机选择。
In order to improve the fire safety level of typical applications with Lithium-ion batteries and optimize the fire safety design on Lithium battery production sites,electric vehicles and energy storage power stations,the fire behavior of ternary Lithium ion batteries was analyzed under overheating.The thermal runaway suppression tests of ternary Lithium ion battery cells and modules were also carried out in the fully enclosed environment based on pre-suppression and early stage mode.As the result shows,the ternary Lithium battery cells in the fully enclosed environment experienced 4 thermal runaway stages of bulging,smoking,mars injection and detonation under overheating.The battery voltage was abrupt earlier than the temperature which should be more effectively used as the early characteristic detection parameter of thermal runaway with higher sensitivity and accuracy.FK-5-1-12 fire extinguishing agent had a good inhibitory effect on the thermal runaway of the ternary Lithium battery cell in the fully enclosed environment which could avoid the deflagration phenomenon,but failed for the ternary Lithium battery module.The key factors to avoid deflagration are the detection efficiency,initial flow design and discharge timing selection.
作者
黄昊
张磊
张永丰
张曼莉
曹丽英
HUANG Hao;ZHANG Lei;ZHANG Yong-feng;ZHANG Man-li;CAO Li-ying(Shanghai Fire Research Institute of MEM,Shanghai 200438,China;Shanghai Fire Material Evidence Identification Center of Fire Rescue Bureau of Ministry of Emergency Management,Shanghai 200438,China;Hangzhou Zhongchuan Fire Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Zhejiang Hangzhou 311113,China)
出处
《消防科学与技术》
CAS
北大核心
2019年第8期1108-1111,共4页
Fire Science and Technology
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFB0104403,2018YFB0104104)
上海市科委项目(16022292600)
中国新能源汽车与可再生能源融合应用项目(150157)