摘要
法律主体必须具备自由意志能力。人工智能要想成为法律主体就必须具备人类的思维和自我意识,能够在自己意志的支配下为一定行为。然而,赋予人工智能自我意识和自由意志能力会增加人类社会存续的风险。从《新一代人工智能伦理规范》规定的增进人类福祉、确保可控可信的人工智能基本伦理规范和强化自律意识的人工智能技术研发伦理规范可以看出,不应当赋予机器以人类的自由意志能力。无论是当下还是未来,机器永远都只能是作为主体的人改造客观世界的工具,属于被人类支配的客体,而不具备法律或道德主体地位,这是认识和处理人机关系的价值准则和根本遵循。
Legal subjects must have the ability of free will.If artificial intelligence wants to become a legal subject, it also needs to have human thinking and self-awareness, and be able to perform certain behaviors under the control of its own will.However, empowering artificial intelligence with self-awareness and free will ability will increase the risk of the survival of human society.It can be seen from the basic ethical codes of artificial intelligence that promote human well-being and ensure controllable and reliable artificial intelligence and the ethical codes of artificial intelligence technology research and development that strengthen self-discipline as stipulated in the “New Generation of Artificial Intelligence Ethics Code”,machines should not be given human free will ability.Whether it is now or in the future, the machine can only be a tool for the person as the subject to transform the objective world.It is an object dominated by humans and does not have the status of a legal or moral subject.This is the value criterion and fundamental follow for understanding and handling the relationship between humanity and machine.
作者
李青文
LI Qing-wen(School of Intellectual Property,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201620,China)
出处
《科学管理研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第2期40-48,共9页
Scientific Management Research
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD124)
上海市“超级博士后”激励计划,同时受华东政法大学科学研究项目资助。
关键词
人工智能
科技伦理
法律主体
自由意志能力
《新一代人工智能伦理规范》
Artificial intelligence
Scientific and technological ethics
Legal subject
Free will ability
“New Generation of Artificial Intelligence Ethics Code”
