摘要
目的 分析粉尘工作劳动者的健康体检特征,并提出相应预防措施。方法 选取2019年3月-2019年12月100例粉尘工作劳动者,并根据职业病诊断标准实施职业健康体检,分析健康体检结果,观察粉尘工作劳动者的呼吸道自觉症状和体检指标异常情况。结果 粉尘工作劳动者的自觉症状以咳嗽、咳痰、胸痛、气急等表现为主,其中咳嗽占比最高(34.00%)、咳痰占比为(29.00%)、胸痛占比为(16.00%)、气急占比为(8.00%)。在全部100例粉尘工作劳动者中,各项体检项目指标异常例数达到22例,占比22.00%。检出职业病7例,占比7.00%。在X线异常情况中,粉尘工作劳动者的肺区纹理大多数增加,纹理呈紊乱状态,可见密度明显提高,双肺纹理增粗。分析体检结果并结合既往史可知,存在职业禁忌证的共有4例,包括1例活动性肺结核,1例支气管哮喘,1例支气管扩张,1例重症慢性支气管炎。将全部100例粉尘工作劳动者年龄和工作年限按照从小至大的规律进行分组,可见随着年龄的增大,尘肺病检出率随着提高。全部100例粉尘工作劳动者接受粉尘危害知识问卷调查,其中88例尘工作劳动者熟悉粉尘危害知识,知晓率为88.00%。其中28例了解控制粉尘危害相关法律法规,占比28.00%。结论 粉尘工作对劳动者的身体危害较大,工人应充分认识到粉尘工作的影响,按时接收体检,落实相关预防措施,减少粉尘的伤害。
Objective To analyze physical examination characteristics of dust workers and put forward corresponding preventive measures.Methods The paper chose 100 dust workers from March 2019 to December 2019,carried out occupational health examination according to diagnostic criteria of occupational diseases,analyzed results of health examination,and observed respiratory symptoms and abnormal physical examination indexes of dust workers.Results Subjective symptoms of dust workers were cough,expectoration,chest pain and shortness of breath,among which cough accounted for the highest proportion (34.00%),expectoration accounted for (29.00%),chest pain accounted for (16.00%) and shortness of breath accounted for (8.00%).Among all 100 dust workers,number of abnormal indicators of various physical examination items reached 22,accounting for 22.00%.7 cases of occupational diseases were detected,accounting for 7.00%.In X-ray abnormalities,most of lung textures of dust workers increased,textures weree in a disordered state.It could be seen that density was significantly increased and both lung textures were thickened.According to analysis of physical examination results and previous history,there were 4 cases of occupational contraindications,including 1 case of active pulmonary tuberculosis,1 case of bronchial asthma,1 case of bronchiectasis and 1 case of severe chronic bronchitis.Age and working years of all 100 dust workers were grouped from young to old.It could be seen that detection rate of pneumoconiosis increased with increase of age.Questionnaire survey for all 100 dust workers on dust hazard knowledge showed,88 dust workers were familiar with dust hazard knowledge,awareness rate was 88.00%.Among them,28 cases understood laws and regulations related to dust hazard control,accounting for 28.00%.Conclusion Dust work does great harm to workers,it is necessary to fully aware of impact of dust work,receive physical examination on time,and implement relevant preventive measures to reduce dust injury.
作者
杨谦明
YANG Qianming(Shaoguan City Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital(Shaoguan City the Second People's Hospital),Shaoguan,Guangdong,512026)
出处
《智慧健康》
2022年第15期114-116,共3页
Smart Healthcare
关键词
粉尘工作
体检
职业健康
Dust work
Physical examination
Occupational health
