摘要
目的:梳理中国儿童营养包的供给路径,分析不同供给路径的优势与挑战,探索中国儿童营养包未来可持续供给的可能路径。方法:对参与过营养包供给的政府机构、国际组织、慈善基金会、学术机构、私营机构等的关键知情人进行一对一深入访谈或焦点小组访谈,采用滚雪球抽样直至信息饱和,运用主题框架法对访谈资料进行编码、归类和总结。结果:中国儿童营养包经历了公益捐赠、政府集中供给和市场销售3种供给路径。其中,公益捐赠具有灵活性和创新性的优势,但供给规模和影响力较小;政府集中供给在传递科学喂养知识、控制成本和保证质量方面具有显著优势,但免费供给范围的划分缺乏精准性,基层医疗机构负担较重且激励机制有待完善;市场销售有利于满足人群的多样化需求,但分配公平性、产品的市场竞争力及儿童看护人的购买积极性方面存在挑战。结论:营养包的3种供给路径存在不同的优势与挑战,现阶段的营养包供给仍应以政府集中供给为主,但应适时调整免费供给的划分标准,减轻基层医疗机构的工作负担并加强激励机制;与此同时,营造良好的市场环境以促进市场销售,制定价格参考标准或向贫困家庭提供适额补贴,并鼓励公益捐赠形式的营养包供给,为探索复合型的营养包供给模式提供参考。
[Objective]To summarize the supply pathways of Chinese Yingyangbao(YYB)and analyze the advantages and challenges of different supply pathways,and to explore possible pathways for sustainable supply of Chinese YYB.MethodOne-to-one interviews or group interviews were conducted with key informants from the government,international organizations,charitable foundations,enterprises and academic institutions who had participated in YYB supply.Snowballing sampling was used until information is saturated.Thematic framework was performed to code,classify and summarize the interview data.ResultThere have been three pathways for Chinese YYB supply successively including charitable donation,government-centralized supply and market sales.The supply way of charitable donation is flexible and innovative,but the scale and influence are limited.Government-centralized supply has significant advantages in transferring scientific feeding knowledge,controlling cost and ensuring quality,but the division of free supply scope lacks precision,the work burden of primary medical institutions is heavy and the incentive mechanism needs to be improved.Market sales is conducive to satisfy the diverse needs of the population,but there are challenges in distribution fairness,market competitiveness and purchasing enthusiasm of child caregivers.Conclusion There are different advantages and challenges in the three supply pathways of Chinese YYB.At the present stage government-centralized supply should still be the main supply way,but the classification standard of free supply should be adjusted timely,and primary medical institutions should be relieved of workload and given incentives;create a good market environment to promote market sales,improve product recognition,and establish price reference standards or provide adequate subsidies to poor families;encourage the supply in the form of public donation,and provide reference for the exploration of compound supply pathway.
作者
杨明芳
孙一诺
马继炎
张开宣
郭岩
黄旸木
YANG Ming-fang;SUN Yi-nuo;MA Ji-yan;ZHANG Kai-xuan;GUO Yan;HUANG Yang-mu(Department of Global Health,School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China)
出处
《中国食物与营养》
2022年第6期17-20,16,共5页
Food and Nutrition in China
关键词
营养包
供给路径
优势与挑战
Yingyangbao
supply pathway
strength and challenge
