摘要
为探索云南水旱轮作区水稻肥料高效施用技术,提高氮肥利用效率和实现减氮增效的绿色生产目标提供理论依据。以粳稻品种会粳17号和楚粳28号为供试材料,于2016和2017年,在大田条件下设4种氮肥施用模式:不施氮的空白区(N0)、当地农户常规施氮技术(CK,N总量270 kg/hm^(2),基肥∶分蘖肥∶促花肥∶保花肥=5∶5∶0∶0)、均衡施氮技术(BNF,N总量216 kg/hm^(2),基肥∶分蘖肥∶促花肥∶保花肥=2.5∶2.5∶2.5∶2.5)和前控后促施氮技术(FCBP,N总量162 kg/hm^(2),基肥∶分蘖肥∶促花肥∶保花肥=0∶0∶6∶4),比较研究不同施氮技术对水稻生长发育和产量形成的影响。结果表明,2年不同施氮技术对水稻产量的影响基本一致。与CK相比,2016年BNF和FCBP处理分别增产19.23%和21.93%,2017年分别增产11.70%和27.04%。FCBP处理减肥增效作用更明显,水稻季不施基肥和分蘖肥,通过穗肥的调控,稳定了有效穗数,穗总粒数和单位面积的总颖花量显著提高。随着氮肥减量后移,氮肥农学利用率大幅度提高,2016年BNF和FCBP处理分别提高165.20%和280.45%,2017年分别提高105.02%和313.42%。另外,FCBP处理能够有效控制无效分蘖的发生,降低高峰苗数,提高茎蘖成穗率,延长水稻穗分化期,促进倒二叶和剑叶的伸长,高效叶面积率和实粒叶比较高,抽穗至灌浆期干物质积累量显著增加。因此,云南水旱轮作区应用前控后促施氮技术可以实现水稻减肥增效的目标。
To explore the efficient nitrogen application method for japonica rice production in rice-vegetable rotation,improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer,and provide theoretical basis for realizing the green production goal of reducing nitrogen and increasing efficiency,field experiments were conducted with two conventional japonica rice varieties(Huijing 17 and Chujing 28)as materials in Yunnan in 2016 and 2017,and the effects of different nitrogen application techniques on rice growth and yield formation were compared.Four treatments with different nitrogen rates and ratios of basal,tiller,spikelet-promoting and spikelet-sustaining application(N0,0 kg/hm^(2);CK,total N 270 kg/hm^(2),5∶5∶0∶0;BNF,total N 216 kg/hm^(2),2.5∶2.5∶2.5∶2.5;FCBP,total N 162 kg/hm^(2),0∶0∶6∶4)were set up.Rice population characteristics difference in growth stage,yield and its components at maturity,grain/leaf ratio,main population quality indices were determined.Compared with CK,yield was significantly increased under BNF and FCBP,which increased by 19.23%and 21.93%in 2016,11.70%and 27.04%in 2017,respectively.Nitrogen agronomic efficiency was greatly improved,which was increased by 165.20%and 280.45%under BNF and FCBP in 2016,and by 105.02%and 313.42%in 2017,respectively.Mechanism of high yield and apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency in FCBP was that high ratio of productive tillers to total tillers and enough population panicles were formed through controlling non-productive tiller and reducing the peak seedling number of the population;high yield population quantity were obtained through forming large total number of spikelets,high grain/leaf ratio,appropriate LAI and high effective leaf area exceeded 80%were enlarged through enriching dry matter accumulation from heading to maturity stage.Overall,FCBP had provided a technical support for rice green production in Yunnan rice rotation.
作者
夏琼梅
胡家权
董林波
钱文娟
李贵勇
龙瑞平
朱海平
杨从党
XIA Qiong-mei;HU Jia-quan;DONG Lin-bo;QIAN Wen-juan;LI Gui-yong;LONG Rui-ping;ZHU Hai-ping;YANG Cong-dang(Institute of Food Crops of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming Yunnan 650200;Qilin District Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Qujing Yunnan 655000)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第5期18-26,共9页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
云南省财政部门预算项目重大专项(530000210000000013809)
云南省科技计划项目(202104BI090025)。
关键词
水稻
氮肥
前控后促施氮技术
增产机理
japonica rice
nitrogen fertilizer
reduced amount with late application of nitrogen
mechanism of high yield
