摘要
“双碳”目标为中国经济社会发展和法治建设带来转型契机。以法律和政策手段推进“双碳”目标实现具有必要性和长期性,法律与政策相互交融构成了“双碳”法制的基本构造。目前,中国初步建立了直接规制和间接调整相结合的碳排放制度体系,形成了各层级、多领域的政策框架,但“双碳”法制体系仍存在协同不足的问题。从法政策学视角看,法制的基本议题主要包括法制体系的协调性、治理工具的有效性和司法保障的适应性三个维度。依此检视,中国“双碳”法制存在法律制度与政策目标不协调、政策的宏观指导和区域协调能力不足,治理工具存在市场调节机制缺失、管理方式机械化,司法层面缺乏对政府行为和政策实施的监督、相关民事诉讼的专门解决机制不完善等问题。法律与政策的协同主要可以归纳为法律与政策的协同实施、政策向法律的条款转化、政策向法律的整体转化和法律的政策化四种形式。在推进“双碳”法制协同的过程中,应以社会经济发展情况和现实需求确定“双碳”政策目标,以适度转化为原则推进“双碳”政策向法律转化。为此,应完善“双碳”法律和政策体系,以国家“双碳”目标为中心,制定综合性应对气候变化法,统筹并完善相关政策和立法;推动“双碳”目标的实现机制融入环境法典编纂,在“总则编”明确可持续发展原则,完善与“双碳”目标相关的基本环境法制度,同时在污染控制、自然生态保护、绿色低碳发展等分编部分细化相关规定;健全落实“双碳”的行政和司法保障,确保行政行为的合法性,完善“双碳”司法的专门应对机制。
The carbon peak and neutrality goals have brought a transformational opportunity for China’s social-economic development and the rule of law.It is a necessary and long-term task to achieve the goals by means of laws and policies.The integration of laws and policies constitutes the basis of the legal system.China has initially established a legal system that combines indirect and direct carbon emission management measures and has formed policy frameworks at various levels and in multiple fields.However,the legal system has the problem of insufficient coordination.The basic topics of legal policies include the synergy of the legal system,the effectiveness of governance tools,and the adaptability of judicial guarantee.Based on this review,the incoherence between laws and policies,insuffi⁃cient macro-guidance and regional coordination in policies,the lack of market-oriented governance mechanisms,ineffective manage⁃ment methods,insufficient judicial regulation for government and policies,and the lack of special mechanisms in procedural law are the main problems of legal system of the goals.The synergy of laws and policies can be mainly classified into four forms:the coordinated im⁃plementation of laws and policies,the transformation of policy terms into laws,the overall transformation of policies into laws,and the politicization of laws.Therefore,the policy target should be determined based on the actual needs of social-economic development,and the transformation of policies into laws should follow the principle of moderation.To achieve the goals of carbon peak and neutrality,it is necessary to improve the policies and laws relevant to the goals,enact the special laws concerning climate change,and coordinate the implementation of relevant policies and laws.Then,the mechanisms for implementing the‘dual carbon’goals shall be integrated into the Environmental Code by stipulating the principles of sustainable development and relevant legal systems.Meanwhile,regulations shall be specified in the sections of pol
作者
于文轩
胡泽弘
YU Wenxuan;HU Zehong(Civil,Commercial and Economic Law School,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第4期57-65,共9页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
司法部法学建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目“‘放管服’背景下环境影响后评价制度研究”(批准号:20SFB3025)。
