摘要
减排主体碳排放权益在法律上如何确权和保护是我国碳交易市场建设中面临的理论难题。当前主流理论认为从物权或行政许可两个范式将碳排放权纳入既有法律框架,参照传统私权或公权规则对减排主体碳排放权进行调整,不过两种范式虽有可取之处,但因面临权利客体缺失和交易利益保障不足而无法胜任碳排放权保护的目的。通过分析减排主体碳排放权益保护问题的类型性质,提出整体上应作为一个纯粹的配额问题予以讨论并探讨其法律意义,为碳排放权利益形态和保护方式奠定理论基础。减排主体的碳排放权在利益形态上表现为对配额的有限自我控制,这种事实控制所含法律利益本质上体现为配额流动自由。据此,碳排放权的保护应以维护配额控制为基础,依据实际利益被侵害的类型,提供不同的保护方式,具体可分为行政法、侵权法和合同法保护模式。
How to legally identify and protect the carbon emission rights and interests of emitters is a theoretical problem faced in the construction of China’s carbon market.The current mainstream theory believes that carbon emission rights should be included in the existing legal framework from the perspective of right in rem and administrative licenses,and carbon emission rights of emitters should be adjusted with reference to traditional private or public rights rules.Facing the lack of objects and insufficient protection of trading interests,this approach leads to the failure of protecting carbon emission rights.By analyzing the type and nature of the protection of carbon emission rights and interests of emitters,it is proposed that it should be discussed as a pure allowance issue and its legal significance as a whole,laying a theoretical foundation for the carbon emission right interest form and protection method.The carbon emission rights of emitters are manifested as limited self-control over allowance in the form of interests,and the legal interests contained in this de facto control are essentially reflected in the freedom of allowance trading.Accordingly,the protection of carbon emission rights should be based on the maintenance of allowance control,and different protection methods should be provided according to the type of infringement of actual interests,which can be divided into administrative law,tort law and contract law protection models.
作者
魏庆坡
Wei Qingpo(Law School of Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing 100070)
出处
《政法论丛》
北大核心
2023年第6期123-134,共12页
Journal of Political Science and Law
基金
司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目“国际气候治理新形势下《巴黎协定》实施和遵约机制研究”(项目编号:18SFB3047)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
碳排放权
配额
物权
行政许可
碳交易市场
carbon emission right
allowance
right in rem
administrative licenses
carbon trading market
