摘要
为实现轨道车辆车体静强度试验加载过程的自动化、试验中加载力施加的准确和可控,从硬件与软件2个方面协同考虑,设计一种基于自适应优化控制的车体垂向加载系统。首先,在加载系统的硬件设计方面,根据轨道车辆车体结构、载荷布置的特点和试验工况的要求,进行一种多点液压垂向加载装置的结构设计,包括力学结构设计及其液压系统设计。然后,在硬件设计基础上进行该加载系统的软件设计,使该加载装置的各加载点的加载力实现自适应、最优、闭环控制。作为控制软件设计的基础,首先建立该加载装置的力学模型及其液控系统的数学模型。为了解该加载装置的各个加载点,并寻优各加载点的最优加载力值,设计一种基于遗传算法的加载力解算模块。进而,为了实现该加载系统加载力自适应优化的闭环控制,结合设计的遗传算法加载力解算模块,建立基于PID控制器的加载力自反馈调节机制。最后,通过案例计算表明,该车体垂向加载系统的稳态加载时间仅为2.4 s,实际加载误差仅为0.56%,满足试验的误差要求。本文为轨道车辆车体垂向加载装置加载力准确、可控的实现提供了软硬件解决方案,为多点加载系统各加载点解耦问题的解决提供理论依据,推动了轨道车辆车体静强度试验装备的自动化发展。
In order to automize the loading process of the rail car body static strength test,and improve the accuracy,control of the loading process in the test,an adaptive optimization controller based rail car body vertical loading system was designed.It related to both its hardware design and software design.For the hardware design of the loading system,a multi-point hydraulic vertical loading device was designed according to the rail car body structure,load layout and test conditions.The hardware design included its structural design and its hydraulic system design.Then,an adaptive optimization and closed-loop controller was designed based on the hardware.As the fundamental of control system design,the mechanical model of the loading device and the mathematical model of its hydraulic control system were established to decouple the loading force of each point.The loading force calculation module was established based on genetic algorithm to find the optimal loading value of each loading point.Furthermore,in order to realize the overall closed-loop control of this loading system,a selffeedback adjustment mechanism of the loading force was established based on the PID controller,which combined with the former loading force calculation module.Finally,a test case was conducted,showing that the steady-state loading time of this vehicle body vertical loading system is only 2.4 s,and the actual loading error is 0.56%.This article provides an overall solution for a higher performance rail car body vertical loading system that can output accurate and controllable force.It also provides a theoretical basis for the solution of the multiloading points decoupling problem.This higher performance loading system promotes the automized equipment development of rail car body static strength test.
作者
郭璇
赫东海
张向海
许平
王倩
李成福
GUO Xuan;HE Donghai;ZHANG Xianghai;XU Ping;WANG Qian;LI Chengfu(National Railway Vehicle Engineering Research Center,CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co.,Ltd.,Changchun 130113,China;School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Jilin Province Economic Management Cadre College,Changchun 130012,China;School of Traffic&Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)
出处
《铁道科学与工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第5期1424-1432,共9页
Journal of Railway Science and Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51675537)。
关键词
轨道车辆
车体静强度试验
垂向加载系统
自适应优化控制
力解耦
遗传算法
PID闭环控制
rail vehicles
car body static strength test
vertical loading system
adaptive optimization control
force decoupling
genetic algorithm
PID closed-loop control
