摘要
论文在分析美国少数族裔选举权历史变迁的基础上,以1965年以来美国非裔、拉美裔、亚裔的精英阶层、草根阶层、政治团体在总统大选与国会选举中的行动为研究对象,综合分析美国少数族裔参与选举政治的特点及其影响。研究发现,美国少数族裔精英阶层在总统和国会选举中均有所斩获,竞选成功率不断提高,但其当选人数与人口规模占比还远不相称;少数族裔草根阶层参与选举政治积极性存在明显的族裔差异,但其政治取向保持大体一致;少数族裔政治团体在选举的方方面面发挥着作用,其选民教育规模扩大、选举动员力度增强,提供政治献金逐年上升。自1965年获得平等选举权至今,美国少数族裔人口规模快速扩大,选民人数不断增加,登记率和投票率也日渐提升,许多少数族裔还聚居于大选的“摇摆州”,掌握关键选票,在美国选举政治中扮演着越来越重要的角色。
This paper begins with an historical overview of ethnic minorities’political participation in the United States,and then focuses on activities of African American,Latino American and Asian American elite,grass-roots and political groups during presidential and congressional elections since 1965,in order to examine the characteristics and significance of minority politics.It finds that ethnic elite have increasingly had success in American election politics,but the proportion of them being elected has still not been comparable to the structure of American population.On the other hand,the extent of participating in American politics amongst different ethnic groups at a grass-roots level has varied,although common goals for them have remained the same.Since ethnic minorities obtained equal voting rights in 1965,the scale of political education and mobilization within them has expanded steadily,and so has their contribution to American politics.With the number of ethnic voters increasing and many living in“swing states”,they hold key votes that have played an increasingly important role in American elections.
作者
张代雄
万晓宏
ZHANG Dai-xiong;WAN Xiao-hong(School of Politics and Public Administration,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,China)
出处
《华侨华人历史研究》
CSSCI
2022年第2期60-73,共14页
Journal of Overseas Chinese History Studies
基金
2021年度国家社会科学基金项目“美国华侨华人与中美关系互动研究(1979-2021)”(项目编号:21BGJ055)之阶段性成果。
关键词
美国
少数族裔
政治参与
总统大选
国会选举
选举政治
America
ethnic minorities
political participation
presidential election
congressional election
electoral politics
