摘要
《个人信息保护法》第七十条对个人信息保护公益诉讼制度作了框架式规定。结合立法规范及司法案例对个人信息保护公益诉讼制度进行全面检视后发现,当前我国个人信息保护公益诉讼有适用条件偏笼统、诉权主体规则欠明确、诉讼路径选择偏向化、诉前程序设置不周全、诉讼请求较单一,诉讼程序设计单薄等问题。为使制度效能得到充分发挥,应加快立法供给。在具体措施上,需细化个人信息违法处理行为类型与受侵害的人数要求;明确行政权与检察权关系定位;确定三类法定主体提起信息公益诉讼的顺位及有关组织起诉的资质条件;理顺三类公益诉讼的关系并建立诉讼种类选择机制;优化从启动事由审查到落实情况跟进的诉前程序设置;设置预防性、补偿式、恢复性的新型公益诉求;积极探索信息公益诉讼损害赔偿与惩罚性赔偿请求,并结合个人信息保护的特殊性就管辖、举证、调解、撤诉、二审等方面依法探索特别规则,以促进信息公益诉讼的良好运行。
Article 70 of Personal Information Protection Law of the People's Republic of China provides a framework for the public interest litigation system of personal information protection.After a comprehensive review of the public interest litigation system of personal information protection combined with legislative norms and judicial cases,it finds that the applicable condi⁃tions of public interest litigation of personal information protection in China are relatively general,the rules of the subject of liti⁃gation right are not clear,the litigation path is biased,the pre-litigation procedure is not set up comprehensively,the litigation request is relatively single,and the litigation procedure design is thin.In order to give full play to the effectiveness of the sys⁃tem,more legislations should be supplied.Specific measures are suggested as follows:to refine the types of illegal processing of personal information and the requirements for the number of victims;to clarify the relationship between administrative power and procuratorial power;to clarify the order of three types of legal subjects filing information public interest litigation and the qualification conditions for prosecution by relevant organizations;to clarify the relationship between the three types of public in⁃terest litigation and establish a mechanism for the selection of litigation types;to optimize the pre-litigation procedure setting from the review of litigation initiation to the follow-up of implementation;to set up new public interest demands of prevention,compensation and recovery;to actively explore the claims for damages and punitive damages in information public interest litiga⁃tion;and to explore special rules in terms of public interest jurisdiction,proof,mediation,withdrawal of litigation and second in⁃stance in accordance with the law in combination with the particularity of personal information protection,so as to promote the good operation of information public interest litigation.
作者
何金海
HE Jin-Hai(Guangxi Intellectual Property Development Research Institute,Guangxi University for Nationalities,Nanning 530006,Guangxi,China)
出处
《长江师范学院学报》
2022年第3期77-85,共9页
Journal of Yangtze Normal University
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“我国大数据交易法律问题研究”(17CFX073)。
关键词
个人信息保护
公益诉讼
检察机关
公共利益
制度完善
personal information protection
public interest litigation
procuratorial organs
public interest
system perfection
