摘要
背景:血乳酸作为运动科学领域研究中使用时间最长、应用范围最广泛的生理生化指标之一,其在制定训练方案、控制负荷强度、反映机体代谢以及在评定训练效果等方面发挥着重要作用。目的:重新审视乳酸的功能与作用,系统梳理运动科学领域中乳酸代谢的最新进展,归纳总结运动调控脂肪氧化的生物学机制,并瞻望该领域的未来研究方向。方法:通过中国知网(CNKI)、百链云图书馆、PubMed和EBSCO运动科学全文等中英文数据库及Researcher、ResearchGate学术社交平台,选取“运动,乳酸,乳酸阈,乳酸代谢,糖异生”及“sport,lactic acid,lactic acid threshold,lactic acid metabolism,gluconeogenesis”等作为检索词分别进行中文及英文组合检索,对最终纳入的相关文献进行归类、总结与提炼。结果与结论:运动调控与乳酸代谢是一个复杂的非线性过程,运动方式、运动强度、运动时间、运动水平以及年龄、性别、肌纤维类型、营养状况和环境温度等因素相互关联、相互制约,并呈现出阶段性变化特征。从本质上说,乳酸实际上是代谢性应激反应的生物标志物,而不是反映机体缺氧状况的指标,它可作为一种重要的信号传导分子;同时乳酸也是一种不可或缺的能源物质,在糖异生过程中发挥着重要作用。乳酸指标在指导和监控耐力训练时具有较好的效果,而在监控爆发力等力量素质时效度较弱,因此运动实践中应在个性化的基础上,尽量和无氧阈、心率、最大摄氧量、肌酸激酶、尿蛋白和肌酐等指标相结合使用,从而提高其科学性和有效性。乳酸产生的原因是多方面的,氧气不是乳酸生成的必要条件,但乳酸的变化受体内氧气供应状况的影响。运动中糖酵解速率加快、乳酸产生与清除失衡以及快肌纤维被大量募集是产生乳酸的重要原因,这可能与不同人群呼吸系统摄取氧气的能力、心脏泵血�
BACKGROUND:Blood lactic acid is one of the longest used and most widely used indicators in the field of sports science.It plays an important role in formulating training programs,controlling load intensity,and evaluating training effects.OBJECTIVE:To re-examine the function and role of lactic acid,systematically review the latest developments in lactic acid metabolism in the field of sports science,summarize the biological mechanism of exercise regulating lipid oxidation,and look forward to the future research directions in this field.METHODS:We searched for relevant literature in Bailian Cloud Library,PubMed and EBSCO Sports Science Full Text and Researcher and ResearchGate academic social platforms.The search terms included“exercise;lactic acid;lactic acid threshold;lactic acid metabolism;gluconeogenesis”in Chinese and English.Included documents were classified,summarized,and refined.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Exercise-regulated lactic acid metabolism is a complex nonlinear process with the characteristics of stages.Exercise style,exercise intensity,exercise time,exercise level,age,sex,muscle fiber type,nutritional status,and environmental temperature are interrelated and mutually restricted.In essence,lactic acid is actually a biomarker of metabolic stress response,rather than an indicator of hypoxia in the body.It can be used as an important signaling molecule.Meanwhile,lactic acid is also an indispensable energy source and plays an important role in the process of gluconeogenesis.Lactic acid indicators have good effects on guiding and monitoring endurance training,but its validity is weak in monitoring strength qualities such as explosive power.Therefore,the use of lactic acid indicator should be individualized in sports practice combined with several indicators such as anaerobic threshold,heart rate,maximal oxygen uptake,creatine kinase,urine protein and creatinine whenever possible,so as to improve its scientificity and validity.There are many reasons for the production of lactic acid.Oxygen is not a neces
作者
朱苗苗
孔凡明
赵倩
Zhu Miaomiao;Kong Fanming;Zhao Qian(Sport Coaching College,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Liaocheng No.1 Experimental School,Liaocheng 252001,Shandong Province,China;College of Physical Science,Qufu Normal University,Qufu 273165,Shandong Province,China)
出处
《中国组织工程研究》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第2期322-328,共7页
Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research
基金
北京体育大学校级课题(2018PT007,20211021),项目参与人:孔凡明。
关键词
运动
乳酸
乳酸阈
乳酸代谢
糖异生
综述
exercise
lactic acid
lactic acid threshold
lactic acid metabolism
gluconeogenesis
review
