摘要
目的:探讨藏族摔跤运动员身体机能及运动后恢复能力。方法:在平原对来自西藏自治区体育运动技术学校的藏族摔跤运动员进行生理机能测试,以普通藏族大学生作为对照。测试内容包括身体形态、心肺功能;在常氧和模拟海拔高度(2700m和3800m)检测安静及运动后血乳酸和心率的恢复情况。结果:与普通藏族比较,藏族摔跤运动员身体形态优势主要体现在前臂长、肌肉含量、身体围度、体表面积、克托莱指数方面(均P<0.05);心肺功能优势表现为最大摄氧量和肺功能的增高(均P<0.05);男运动员体脂肪率与第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)(r=-0.39)、最大呼气中段流量(MMF)(r=-0.41)呈负相关,肌肉量与用力肺活量(FVC)(r=0.38)呈正相关(均P<0.05);女运动员体脂肪率与FEV1(r=-0.35)呈负相关,肌肉量和BMI均与FEV1(r=0.66,r=0.59)、呼气峰流速(PEF)(r=0.75,r=0.58)呈正相关(均P<0.05)。藏族摔跤运动员身体恢复能力主要表现在:运动员心率恢复速率与乳酸清除率显著快于普通藏族。在常氧状态下,摔跤运动员安静及运动后心率低于普通藏族。运动后血乳酸、乳酸清除率及心率恢复率显著增高(均P<0.05)。在缺氧状态下,摔跤运动员在模拟海拔2700 m、3800 m时运动后血乳酸、心率迅速升高,且随海拔增高而增加(均P<0.05);而乳酸清除率及心率恢复率,均随海拔升高而降低(均P<0.05)。在常氧及海拔2700m时,血乳酸峰值均出现在运动后3min,而海拔3800m时,血乳酸峰值出现在运动后即刻。缺氧导致乳酸累积,提前了血乳酸到达峰值的时间。结论:藏族摔跤运动员心肺功能优势表现为最大摄氧量和肺功能的增高,其心肺功能与身体形态密切相关,表现为肺功能受BMI、体脂率、肌肉量因素影响显著。摔跤运动员身体恢复能力优势表现为:常氧状态下运动后乳酸清除率和心率恢复率增加,缺氧状态下血乳酸及心率随海拔增高而迅速�
Objective:The purpose of this study is to investigate the physical functions and post-exercise recovery ability of Tibetan wrestlers.Methods:Physiological function tests were conducted on Tibetan wrestlers from the Tibet Autonomous Region Sports School in the plains,with ordinary Tibetans as the control group.The tests included body morphology and cardiopulmonary function.Additionally,under normoxia and simulated altitudes(2700 m and 3800 m),the recovery of blood lactate and heart rate after exercise were measured.Results:Compared to ordinary Tibetans,Tibetan wrestlers exhibit significant advantages in various aspects of body morphology,including forearm length,muscle mass,body girth,surface area,and the Cotes index(all P<0.05).They also demonstrate superior cardiopulmonary function,reflected in increased maximal oxygen uptake and lung function(both P<0.05).Among male athletes,body fat percentage correlates negatively with FEV1(r=-0.39)and MMF(r=-0.41),while muscle mass correlates positively with FVC(r=0.38)(all P<0.05).Among female athletes,body fat percentage correlates negatively with FEV1(r=-0.35),whereas muscle mass and BMI correlate positively with FEV1(r=0.66,r=0.59)and PEF(r=0.75,r=0.58)(all P<0.05).Tibetan wrestlers demonstrate superior physical recovery abilities,with faster heart rate recovery and lactate clearance rates compared to ordinary Tibetans.Under normoxic conditions,wrestlers exhibit lower resting and post-exercise heart rates than ordinary Tibetans.Post-exercise blood lactate levels,lactate clearance rates,and heart rate recovery rates are significantly higher(all P<0.05).Under hypoxic conditions simulated at altitudes of 2700 m and 3800 m,wrestlers experience rapid increases in post-exercise blood lactate and heart rate,which escalate with altitude(all P<0.05).However,lactate clearance rates and heart rate recovery rates decrease with increasing altitude(all P<0.05).At normoxic conditions and 2700 m altitude,peak blood lactate levels occur 3 minutes post-exercise.At 3800 m altitude,peak blo
作者
赵昕
程红
李小灿
彭瑶函
陈婷
ZHAO Xin;CHENG Hong;LI Xiaocan;PENG Yaohan;CHEN Ting(Xizang University for Nationalities Hospital,Xianyang 712082,China;Institute of Physical Education,Xizang University for Nationalities,Xianyang 712082,China)
出处
《高原科学研究》
CSCD
2024年第2期77-84,共8页
Plateau Science Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(82060422)
西藏自治区自然科学基金项目(XZ202401ZR0062).
关键词
藏族
摔跤运动员
身体形态
心肺功能
运动后恢复能力
Tibetan
wrestling athletes
body shape
cardiopulmonary function
post-exercise recovery
