摘要
目的 分析2014—2021年北京市昌平区水痘的流行病学特征,为调整防控措施提供依据。方法 从中国疾病预防控制信息系统中,导出2014—2021年昌平区水痘疫情资料,采用描述流行病学方法,利用EXCEL 2019和SPSS20.0软件分析数据。结果 2014—2021年昌平区共报告水痘病例10 075例,年平均报告发病率为62.34/10万;发病率居前三位的地区是沙河地区(106.92/10万)、南邵地区(83.30/10万)和城北街道(75.38/10万);每年的4—6月、10—12月为发病高峰期;男性多于女性,男女性别比为1.24∶1,20岁以下年龄高发,以学生、散居儿童、干部职员为主。共报告水痘突发公共卫生事件5起,均发生在学校。新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间水痘发病水平明显降低(χ^(2)=547.857,P<0.05)。结论 北京市昌平区水痘总体发病呈下降趋势,有较为明显的季节、地区、年龄、职业发病特征。新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情控制措施对水痘发病有影响。应加大宣传力度,扩大免疫接种范围,有效控制水痘发病;应高度关注学校水痘聚集性疫情调查处置工作,并加大监管和健康教育力度。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of varicella in Changping district of Beijing from 2014 to2021,so as to provide basis for adjusting prevention and control measures.Methods The data of varicella in Changping district during 2014 to 2021 were collected from China disease prevention and control information system,and analyzed with descriptive epidemiology method,EXCEL 2019 and SPSS 20.0 software.Results There were 10 075 varicella cases reported in Changping district from 2014 to 2021,with average annual incidence rate of 62.34/100 000.The incidence rates of shahe area(106.92/100 000),Nanshao area(83.30/100 000) and Chengbei street(75.38/100 000) were the top three.The epidemic picks were from April to Jun and October to December every year.The male cases were more than the females with the ratio of 1.24:1.The incidence rate was higher in the age group below 20 years.The cases of students,scattered children and office staffs were dominant.Totally 5 varicella emergencies reported in schools.The epidemic level of varicella obviously decreased during COVID-19 pandemic(χ^(2)=547.857,P<0.05).Conclusions The incidence of varicella shows totally decreasing trend,with the apparent seasonal,regional,age and occupational characteristics in Changping district of Beijing.The epidemic of varicella is affected by the prevention and control measures of COVID-19.The propaganda should be strengthened,the immunization scope should be expanded for effectively controlling the varicella epidemic.The investigation and disposal of the cluster varicella epidemic in the school should be paid high attention to,the supervision and education of health in school should be strengthened.
作者
朱宗龙
杨俊英
许颖
ZHU Zong-long;YANG Jun-ying;XU Ying(The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Changping District,Beijing,Beijing 102200,China)
出处
《疾病预防控制通报》
2022年第2期35-39,55,共6页
Bulletin of Disease Control & Prevention(China)
关键词
水痘
流行病学特征
突发公共卫生事件
Varicella
Epidemiological characteristics
Public health emergency
