摘要
目的及时掌握宜兴市水痘流行特征,为科学、有效防控水痘疫情提供科学依据。方法对2017年7月至2018年6月,中国疾病预防控制信息系统内报告的宜兴市水痘病例进行描述性流行病学分析。结果2017年7月-2018年6月,宜兴市共发生1673例水痘病例,发病率154.42/10万,居传染病发病位次第2位;发病呈现6月和11-12月2个发病高峰,6月峰稍高;中部、东部乡镇/街道的整体发病率(218.72/10万)高于西部乡镇(41.48/10万),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=510.26,P<0.001);而宜兴市中部、东部乡镇/街道15岁及以下人群的水痘疫苗整体接种率(63.68%)低于西部乡镇(64.44%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7.16,P=0.007)。水痘病例以未成年人群为主,占75.25%,该人群存在2个发病高峰:5~7岁主高峰和15~17岁次高峰;发病职业以学生最多(50.81%),其次为幼托儿童(22.47%);幼托儿童发病率高于学生,两者差异有统计学意义(χ~2=57.971,P<0.001);水痘疫苗突破病例525例,占总病例的31.38%,突破病例的发病高峰为接种水痘疫苗后3~9年。结论宜兴市水痘发病处于较高水平,有明显的季节性,未成年人是水痘高发人群,学校、托幼机构是水痘高发场所。应继续加强水痘监测,积极调整水痘疫苗接种方案,严格落实防控措施。
Objective This study was to analyze and master the epidemiology characteristics of varicella in Yixing,and provide scientific and effective strategies for its control and prevention.Method The varicella cases reported in China Disease Control and Prevention Information System from July 2017 to June 2018 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods.Results Totally 1673 varicella cases occurred during this period,with an incidence of 154.42/10~5,taking the 2nd place of all infectious diseases.The time distribution of varicella showed two peaks:July and November to December,the former peak was slightly higher.The incidence of varicella in central and eastern towns/streets(218.72/10~5)was higher than that in western towns(41.48/10~5)(χ~2=510.26,P<0.001);but the vaccination rate in children aged 15 and under in the latter(63.68%)was higher than that in the former(64.44%)(χ~2=7.16,P=0.007).Varicella cases were mainly juveniles,accounting for 75.25%.There were two incidence peaks in juveniles:5-7 years old(main peak)and 15-17 years old(secondary peak).The majority of varicella cases were students(50.81%),followed by nursery children(22.47%).The incidence of nursery children was higher than that of students,and the difference between them was statistically significant(χ~2=57.971,P<0.001).There were 525 outbreak cases,accounting for 31.38%in total cases.The peak onset of outbreak cases was 3 years to 9 years after vaccination.Conclusions Varicella incidence in Yixing was at a high level with obvious seasonality.Juveniles were at a high risk for varicella.Schools and kindergartens were places where varicella occurred frequently.The surveillance of varicella should be strengthened,the vaccination program should be adjusted,and the prevention and control measures should be implemented.
作者
蒋晨
史丽敏
张华君
周建刚
钱璐
JIANG Chen;SHI Li-min;ZHANG Hua-jun;ZHOU Jian-gang;QIAN Lu(Yixing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yixing,Jiangsu 214200,China)
出处
《热带医学杂志》
CAS
2019年第10期1305-1308,共4页
Journal of Tropical Medicine
关键词
水痘
水痘疫苗
突破病例
流行病学
Varicella
Varicella vaccine
Breakthrough cases
Epidemiology
