摘要
1979年至今,野生动物的刑法立法保护机制不断被调整、优化,但依然存在诸多不足。在立法体例上,野生动物相关犯罪的法益依附于社会管制秩序法益和经济法益,不具有独立性;在规制范围上,野生动物相关犯罪的行为类型只包括捕杀和经营两类,对非珍贵、濒危野生动物的刑法保护力度不足;在制裁措施上,采用无限额罚金刑,缺乏职业禁止令和恢复性制裁措施等。为了进一步完善野生动物的刑法立法保护机制,应当将野生动物相关犯罪从“妨害社会管理秩序罪”中脱离出来,作为环境犯罪的下位犯罪类型;将虐待、伤害、食用野生动物的行为做犯罪化处理,修正非珍贵、濒危野生动物犯罪的构成要件,以动物数量、具体种类等要素作为入罪条件;对野生动物相关犯罪采用限额罚金刑,并为其配置职业禁止令和恢复性制裁措施。
Since 1979,the criminal law protection mechanism of wildlife has been continuously adjusted and optimized,but there are still many deficiencies.From legislative style perspective,the legal interests of wildlife related crimes are attached to the legal interests of social control order and economic law,which is not independent.In the scope of regulation,the types of wildlife related crimes only include hunting and commercial utilization,and the criminal protection of non-precious and non-endangered wildlife species is insufficient.And from the sanction perspective,unlimited fine penalty is adopted,and there is a lack of occupational prohibition order and restorative sanctions.In order to further improve the criminal law protection mechanism of wildlife,wildlife related crimes should be separated from the“crime of obstructing social management order”and be treated as the lower crime type of environmental crime.We should criminalize the acts of abusing,injuring and eating wild animals,amend the constitutive elements of the crime of non precious and endangered wild animals,and take the number and specific types of animals as the conditions for criminalization.Furthermore,we should impose a limited fine on wildlife related crimes,and set occupational prohibition orders and restorative sanctions.
作者
李鑫
LI Xin(Law School,Hebei University,Baoding,071002,China)
出处
《野生动物学报》
北大核心
2022年第2期538-546,共9页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目(20BFX073)。
关键词
野生动物
刑法
立法
生态法益
Wildlife
Criminal law
Legislation
Ecological legal interest
