摘要
清华简《系年》中的“周亡王九年”,是指周幽王在位的前九年,此间诸侯开始不朝于周。幽王九年,周与申、缯等国发生战争,后者联合西戎进行反击,周幽王败逃,晋文侯趁镐京空虚之机拥立宜臼于此。幽王于在位第十一年兵败,被杀于骊山之下,宜臼正式即位,并于次年开始东迁。从宜臼与幽王反目开始,各诸侯国为了自身利益而进行政治立场的抉择,最后以平王集团的胜利告终,东周初年的形势也因此奠定。在平王继位与东迁相关史事上,《系年》中的记述虽与诸多文献看似不符,但它们往往只是记述角度不同,实际内容并非完全不可调和。
The "Nine Years of the King of subjugation" in the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips refers to the first nine years of King You of Zhou, during which vassal states began to disobey the authority of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Also in this period, Prince Yijiu was deposed and fled to the state of Shen. In the ninth year, King You fought a war against Shen, Zeng and other vassal states, the latter stroke back with a joint force of Xirong, leading to the defeat of King You who fled from Haojing afterwards. The Marquis Wen of Jin seized the opportunity to acclaimed Yijiu the new King in Haojing, namely the King Ping of Zhou. In the eleventh year of his reign, King You was killed in Mount Li. Yijiu officially ascended the throne and began to move the capital eastward the following year. Since Yijiu and King You turned against each other, the vassal states chose political stand one after another to serve their own interests. After the death of King You, the ruler of Guo hailed Yuchen the King Xiehui of Zhou, the vassal states of Zheng and Qin turned to support Yijiu together with Jin and played the leading role in the eastward migration of the capital. The Yijiu regime came out victorious and gained universal recognition of the vassal states, and the situation in the early years of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was also established. Qin continued to expand its territory westward, while Jin and Zheng became the leading vassal states in the east. Regarding the historical events related to King Ping’s succession and eastward migration, although the descriptions in "Xi Nian" seem to be inconsistent with many other documents, the actual contents are not completely irreconcilable but merely from different angles. In the absence of reasonable explanations for many important doubtful points, researchers cannot decisively overturn the conclusions based on handed-down documents with newly unearthed literature.
出处
《四川文物》
北大核心
2022年第2期51-63,共13页
Sichuan Cultural Relics
关键词
清华简《系年》
西周灭亡
平王
洛邑
The Tsinghua Bamboo Slips Xinian
Collapse of the Western Zhou Dynasty
King Ping of Zhou
Luoyi
