摘要
惩罚性赔偿制度在我国的消费者保护、产品质量和知识产权等领域均已适用多年,自民法典第一千二百三十二条的规定公布后,惩罚性赔偿现已扩展到环境侵权责任领域。在法律规定没有明确说明的前提下,学界对环境责任领域惩罚性赔偿的权利归属主体存在争议。从惩罚性赔偿的价值构造和适用条件来看,惩罚性赔偿正是为弥补私益救济的不足而提出的,适用于私益诉讼有其合理性和正当性,而环境公益诉讼适用惩罚性赔偿也并不存在根本性的原则问题,更多的是一些制度设计上的不兼容。因此,惩罚性赔偿的权利归属主体与请求权主体一致,既包括普通公民,也包括国家机关和有关组织,不过对于后者存在一定的限制。
Punitive damages system has been applied in the fields of consumer protection,product quality and intellectual property rights in China for many years.Since the publication of Article 1232 of the Civil Code,punitive damages have now extended to the field of environmental tort liability.On the premise that the legal provisions are not clearly stated,there is controversy in the academic circles as to why the subject of punitive damages in the field of environmental liability belongs.Judging from the value structure and applicable conditions of punitive damages,punitive damages are put forward to make up for the deficiency of private interest relief,and it is reasonable and justified to apply to private interest litigation.However,there is no fundamental principle problem in applying punitive damages to environmental public interest litigation,which is more incompatible in system design.Therefore,the subject of punitive damages is consistent with the subject of claim,including ordinary citizens,state organs and relevant organizations,but there are certain restrictions on the latter.
作者
刘怡
Liu Yi(Law School,Wuhan University,Wuhan Hubei 430072,China)
出处
《河北环境工程学院学报》
CAS
2022年第2期18-22,共5页
Journal of Hebei University of Environmental Engineering
关键词
惩罚性赔偿
环境侵权
权利归属主体
私益诉讼
公益诉讼
punitive damages
environmental tort
rights belong to the subject
private interest litigation
public interest litigation
