摘要
宪法第49条明确规定了"婚姻受国家的保护"和"禁止破坏婚姻自由",对婚姻的基本立场是保护性的。婚姻保护立宪目的证立所展现的逻辑性表明其兼有制度保护与权利保护面向,包括:保护婚姻与家庭同构传统及在同构秩序中婚姻承担的生育与经济功能;对女性给予特别保护来实现婚姻家庭结构中的性别平等;保护以爱情作为婚姻结合或婚姻解除关键要素的婚姻自由。上述立宪目的构成了婚姻立法应该尊重的基本宪法价值。离婚冷静期设置意在维护婚姻家庭结构稳定性,具有正当性。但不加区分的绝对性的离婚限制忽略了婚姻宪法保护内涵的多元价值构造,且未能考察这一限制造成的对特定相关人的可能损失,未采取分类化立法。应该考虑建立离婚冷静期设置的例外情形,通过更周密的规范设计保障婚姻自由以及透过婚姻自由的其他权利。
Article 49 of the Constitution clearly stipulates that"marriage is protected by the state"and"violation of the freedom of marriage is prohibited",and it shows that the constitution’s basic position on marriage is protective.The induction logic of the constitutional purpose of marriage protection shows that it has both institutional protection and civil rights protection,including the protection of marriage and family co-construction tradition and the reproductive and economic functions in it,the special protection for women to achieve gender equality in marriage and family structure,the protection of freedom of marriage setting romantic affection as the key element in marriage union or dissolution.The above constitutional purposes form the basic constitutional value respected by marriage legislation.The establishment of a cooling-off period on divorce is intended to maintain the stability of marriage and family structure,therefore it has legitimacy.However,the indiscriminate and absolute divorce restriction ignores the pluralistic value structure of the connotation of constitutional marriage protection,and fails to observe the possible losses to specific related persons caused by this restriction,let alone to adopt differentiated legislation.The establishment of exceptions to a cooling-off period on divorce should be considered so that freedom of marriage and other rights manifested in freedom of marriage could be guaranteed through a more elaborate system of legal norms.
出处
《法学评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第6期130-140,共11页
Law Review
关键词
婚姻立宪目的
婚姻家庭同构秩序
女性特别保护
婚姻自由
the Constitutional Purposes of Marriage
the Co-Construction Order of Marriage and Family
Equal Protection for Women
Freedom of Marriage
