摘要
在专题调研的基础上,文章针对人工智能对我国制造业就业的影响进行了详尽分析,提出人工智能等新技术引发就业替代;引致就业结构优化调整;人机协作技术助推分工体系和用工模式新变化;工作性质持续变革、现有岗位功能加速调整;工作时间结构优化、就业质量和就业环境逐步改善;劳动关系运行面临考验,知识技能快速更新;受疫情影响,多数企业根据自身实际情况对智能化、自动化等作出相应调整等。同时,对当前经济与就业的协同性加强、潜藏的就业风险增加以及不同技能水平劳动者收入差距拉大等新情况新问题予以研判。最后,提出要构筑人工智能发展与制造业就业良性互促的生态系统;深化劳动力供给侧改革,推动制造业人力资源升级;着力构建战略性的应对机制和策略性的反应机制;强化保障,加快提升人社公共服务水平。
On the basis of special investigation,this paper makes a detailed analysis of the impact of artificial intelligence on China’s manufacturing employment.The results show that:new technologies such as artificial intelligence lead to employment substitution,as well as the optimization and ad-justment of employment structure;the man-machine cooperation technology promotes new changes in division of labor system and employment mode;the continuous reform in the nature of work leads to the accelerated adjustment of existing post functions;the structure of working time is optimized;the em-ployment quality and employment environment are gradually improved;the operation of labor relations is facing tests because knowledge and skills are rapidly updated;affected by the epidemic,most enterprises make corresponding adjustments to intelligence and automation according to their actual sit-uations.At the same time,this essay studies the new situations and problems such as the strengthening of the synergy between the current economy and employment,the increase of potential employment risks and the widening income gap between workers with different skill levels.Finally,it is proposed to build an ecosystem in which the development of artificial intelligence and manufacturing employment promote each other;deepen the reform of labor supply side and promote the upgrading of human resources in manufacturing industry;focus on building a strategic response mechanism;strengthen se-curity and accelerate the improvement of the public service level of human resources and social security.
作者
崔艳
Cui Yan(Chinese Academy of Labour and Social Security,Beijing 100029,China)
出处
《当代经济管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第3期59-66,共8页
Contemporary Economic Management
基金
国家社会科学基金项目《人工智能发展对我国制造业就业的影响研究》(20BJY052)。
关键词
人工智能
制造业就业
生态系统
artificial intelligence
manufacturing employment
ecosystem
