摘要
通过梳理国内外文献,对优秀运动员运动诱发性支气管痉挛(exercise-induced bronchoconstriction,EIB)的发病机制与诱发因素、运动表现影响以及诊治预防进行整理、分析与归纳。研究表明,长期在极端或非健康环境中进行高强度运动引发的气道炎症、黏膜超渗透压及上皮细胞损伤,是导致优秀运动员EIB发生的核心因素和主要机制;EIB会导致通气功能下降,呼吸肌耗氧增加,通气/血流比例失调以及呼吸感知紊乱,直接或间接削弱运动员的运动表现。参照权威机构的指导意见与政策法规,在正确选择EIB诊断方法与治疗手段的同时,改善运动环境,强化自我防护措施,可有效缓解EIB症状,减少EIB的发生。建议进一步深入研究EIB对优秀运动员运动表现的影响,及早开展国内优秀运动员EIB调查研究,逐步建立与完善我国奥运运动员的EIB诊断、治疗与预防体系。
Through reviewing previous exercise-induced bronchoconstriction(EIB) related studies, this study summarized the mechanism, causative factors, diagnosis and management methods of EIB and its impact on sport performance in competitive athletes. The airway inflammation, mucosal hyperosmotic pressure and epithelial cell damage resulted from long-term and high-intensity exercise in extreme or unhealthy environments are the core factors of EIB in competitive athletes. EIB could lead to the decrease of ventilation function, and the increase of oxygen consumption of respiratory muscles, and the mismatch of ventilation and blood flow, and affect perception of breathing, thereby impairs the sport performance of competitive athletes’. Referring to guideline and policies of authorities, besides properly selecting diagnosis and management methods of EIB, improving environmental conditions during exercise and strengthening self-protection measures could effectively alleviate symptoms of EIB and reduce EIB-related incidence. It is recommended to further study on the impact of EIB on sport performance in competitive athletes, and start the EIB study of domestic athletes as soon as possible, and establish a standardized protocol of diagnosis, management and prevention of EIB for Chinese Olympic athletes.
作者
刘猛
高炳宏
LIU Meng;GAO Binghong(Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China;Chongqing Institute of Sport Science,Chongqing 400016,China)
出处
《中国体育科技》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第4期23-32,72,共11页
China Sport Science and Technology
基金
国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项(2019YFF0301603)
上海市人类运动能力开发与保障重点实验室项目(17DZ2273100)
国家体育总局体质评价与运动机能监控重点实验室项目。
关键词
优秀运动员
运动诱发性支气管痉挛
机制
运动影响
诊治预防
competitive athletes
exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
mechanism
sport performance
diagnosis and management
