摘要
本文对现代汉语一组近义副词“恰好、恰恰、恰巧”进行比较研究,说明汉语虚词语义分析中的三项重要特征:概率、预期和管控。文章首先指出“恰X”词共有的语义背景是“项目A和项目B(在某方面)发生相同、相符、相反、相异或相通等关系的联系”,它们共有的语义核心是“低概率的精确性”。接下来进一步讨论三者之间的内部区别:“恰恰”正逐渐演变为一个纯粹的反预期标记;“恰好”可以在“管控”性的语义环境中出现,带有“克服困难障碍”的意味;“恰巧”的使用基于无预期无展望的环境,带有一定的“意外”因素,近期有朝“如意性”发展的倾向。文章最后简要讨论“正好”与“恰好、恰恰、恰巧”的差别,指出“正好”也可以出现在高概率的语境中,因此和“恰好、恰恰、恰巧”有重要差别。
This paper makes a comparative study of the syntactic and semantic properties of a group of“qia X”adverbs(qiahao,qiaqia,qiaqiao)in modern Chinese,and illustrates three important features in the semantic analysis of Chinese function words:probability,expectation and management.It first explains that the common semantic background of“qia X”words is“item A and item B(in some way)have the same,consistent,opposite,different or interlinked relationship”,and the shared semantic core is“accuracy with low probability”.This paper further discusses the internal differences among“qia X”words.“Qiaqia”is gradually evolving toward a counter-expectation marker;“qiahao”can appear in the semantic environment of management,with the meaning of“overcoming difficulties”;the use of“qiaqiao”is based on the environment of“unexpectedness”,and has the tendency to develop into a“satisfaction”marker.Finally,the paper briefly compares“qia X”words with“zhenghao”,which is fundamentally different from“qia X”words on account of its distribution in high probability contexts.
出处
《世界汉语教学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第2期196-210,共15页
Chinese Teaching in the World
基金
中宣部“2019年文化名家暨‘四个一批’人才项目”的资助。
