摘要
文章主要讨论语气副词"可算"的形成与发展。考察表明,语气副词"可算"由语气副词"可"与表"算是"义的动词"算"词汇化而来。发展过程中,"可"经由表道义情态的助动词"可"到表认识情态的语气副词"可",动词"算"经历了"不带宾语→带‘数’类体词宾语→带抽象体词性宾语→带谓词性成分"三次功能扩展。动词"算"由不带宾语扩展至带谓词性成分,受制于"可"的情态化表达。"可算"带谓词性成分后,逐渐副词化,副词化的主要动因是主观化导致的情态功用突显和使用频率的不断提升,主要机制是重新分析和语境义吸收。当代汉语里,语气副词"可算"进一步情态化,出现了主观意愿弱化和如意情态淡化的使用情况。文章还比较了副词"可算"与近义副词"总算"的用法,发现二者在语义偏向、表达预期、主观性强弱和突显语气程度等方面存在差异。
The diachronic corpus indicates that kesuan(可算)is derived from modal adverb ke(可)and verb suan(算)which means "to count as".In the course of development,ke(可)has undergone the development from the auxiliary expressing deontic modality to modal adverb expressing epistemic modality;suan(算)has undergone three functional extensions of"no object→numerals object→abstract nouns object→verbal object".The verb suan(算)gradually expands from without object to with verbal object,which is mainly subject to the modal expression of ke(可).In the condition of being followed by verbal component,kesuan(可算)gradually lexicalize.And the main motivations of lexicalization are the prominence of modal function caused by subjectivity and the increase of usage frequency;the main mechanisms are absorption of the context and reanalysis.In contemporary Chinese the modal adverb kesuan(可算)has undergone the modalization further,and it has the usage of the reduction of subjective willingness and the weakness of desirable modality.The paper also compares the usage of the adverb kesuan(可算)and its synonyms zongsuan(总算),and finds that there are differences in semantic tendency,expressive expectation,the degree of subjectivity and the highlighting tone.
作者
谢晓明
梁凯
XIE Xiao-ming;LIANG Kai
出处
《古汉语研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第3期45-54,127,共11页
Research in Ancient Chinese Language
基金
国家社科基金一般项目“现代汉语语气词的句法语用互动研究”(17BYY027)
中央高校基本科研业务费资助(HUST:2021XXJS068)。
关键词
可算
词汇化
情态化
功能扩展
总算
kesuan(可算)
lexicalization
modalization
functional extension
zongsuan(总算)
