摘要
财政资助项目取得的专利(以下简称财政资助专利)是一类重要的战略资源,对此类专利进行分析,可以从宏观层面把握国家的重点发展领域。以美国财政资助专利为研究对象,根据NBER(美国国家经济研究局)专利分类标准将其划分为六大类,并对大类及其子类中的资助专利趋势、资助机构、资助专利权利人进行分析。分析发现,财政资助的重点是健康保障、国防建设、能源开发、科学研究、航空航天探索等领域。健康保障领域的资助产出专利数量增长尤为明显,年均增长率达到了7.73%。除此之外,受到资助的专利中仅有3.8%的发明人保留了全部或者部分专利所有权,96.2%的发明人未保留专利所有权。其转让特征为0.5%的美国机构得到了接近50%的财政资助专利,说明美国财政资助项目产生的超过95%的专利所有权依然归属于美国。建议我国对财政资助项目产生的专利标注中,明确政府的权力,并清晰转让路径,进而通过标注的信息来评估政府资助专利的效率,规范资助机构对项目资助成果的监管,更好地促进科技成果本土化转化。
Patents awarded by financial aid projects(financial aid patents)are a kind of important strategic resources.The key areas of national development will be identified at the macroscopic level by analyzing these patents.Based on the patent classification of NBER(National Bureau of Economic Research),US financial aid patents are classified into six categories.The trend of subsidizing patent,subsidizing institution and patentee are analyzed.Clearly,the US financial support focuses on health security,national defense,energy development,scientific research,and aerospace exploration.The number of patents produced by health insurance subsidies is growing significantly,with an average annual growth rate of 7.73%.In addition,only 3.8%of the inventors retained all or part of the patent ownership,96.2%of the inventors did not retain the patent ownership.The transfer characteristics are as follows:0.5%of American institutions receive nearly 50%of the financial aid patents,indicating that more than 95%of the patents awarded by financial aid projects still belong to the United States.It is suggested when the patents awarded by financial aid projects are marked in China,it is necessary to clarify the rights of the government and the path of the transfer of the financial aid patents.Therefore,the efficiency of government-funded patents can be evaluated by information annotation,so as to regulate the supervision of project-funded results by the funding agencies,and to better promote the localization of scientific and technological achievements.
作者
杨中楷
王春博
王雯茜
张心阳
YANG Zhongkai;WANG Chunbo;WANG Wenxi;ZHANG Xinyang(Institute of Science and Technology Management,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China;Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Dalian 116024,China)
出处
《郑州航空工业管理学院学报》
2022年第1期63-74,共12页
Journal of Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics
基金
中央高校基本业务费项目“高校科技发展与政策研究中心”(DUT20LAB202)。
关键词
NBER分类
财政资助
专利
美国
NBER classification
government-funded
patent measurement
the U.S.
