摘要
岩层采动裂隙是破坏覆岩含水层威胁井下安全生产的直接原因,也是工作面推过后,地表持续下沉变形及生态累积影响的根源。为了解当前覆岩裂隙发生机制、演变规律、研究方法及生态影响与治理进展,实现资源开发与矿区环境的协调、可持续发展,阐述了采动裂隙演化规律与生态治理技术发展现状。介绍了煤矿采动裂隙的形成过程、裂隙类型、研究方法、监测手段及研究发展趋势;从开采影响的空间特征方面,从依覆岩裂隙、底板裂隙与地表裂缝3方面分类介绍了裂隙/裂缝演化规律及分布特征,重点分析了深部开采与我国西部沟壑区高强度开采地表裂缝形成的力学机制;探究采动裂隙在保水开采、煤与瓦斯共采方面的应用及生态治理技术,并给出基于开采参数优化的源头减损技术、覆岩承载结构稳定性维持减损技术、变形调控减损技术、覆岩离层注浆减损技术、采复一体化技术、土壤改良与植物修复技术、采煤沉陷区综合修复技术等,实现采煤同时兼顾对地下水、瓦斯、矸石等资源的合理利用与地表建筑及生态环境的保护。分析认为,采动裂隙多种方法综合运用、力学演化机制及量化描述、深部多物理场耦合、探索新应用领域及控制研究、厘清采动损伤科学内涵及评价方法、明晰矿区生态修复的科学理念、构建采动损伤与生态保护相协调智能化调控系统等将是未来亟需研究的关键科学问题。
The mining fracture of rock stratum is the direct cause of the damage of overburden aquifer and the threat to underground safety production.It is also the fundamental source of the continuous subsidence and deformation of the surface and the cumulative ecological impact after the working face is pushed.In order to understand the occurrence mechanism,evolution law,research methods,ecological impact and treatment progress of the current overburden fractures,and realize the coordinated and sustainable development of resource development and mining area environment,the evolution law of mining fractures and the development status of ecological treatment technology are expounded.The formation process,fracture types,research methods,monitoring means and research development trend of mining fractures in coal mines are introduced.In terms of the spatial characteristics of mining impact,the evolution law and distribution characteristics of fractures/fissures are introduced according to the classification of overburden fractures,floor fractures and surface fissures,and the mechanical mechanism of the formation of surface fissures in deep mining and high-intensity mining in gully areas in Western China is emphatically analyzed;the application of mining fractures in water conservation mining,coal and gas co-mining and ecological treatment technology are discussed.The source loss technology based on mining parameter optimization,overburden bearing structure stability maintenance loss technology,deformation control loss technology,overburden separation grouting loss technology,integrated technology of extraction and discharge,soil improvement and phytoremediation technology,and comprehensive restoration technology of coal mining subsidence area are obtained,which is conducive to coal mining,taking into account the rational utilization of groundwater,gas,gangue and other resources and the protection of surface buildings and ecological environment.It is considered that the comprehensive application of various mining fracture meth
作者
李全生
李晓斌
许家林
徐祝贺
张村
LI Quansheng;LI Xiaobin;XU Jialin;XU Zhuhe;ZHANG Cun(State Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining,Beijing 102209,China;National Energy Investment Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100011,China;School of Energy and Mining Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;National Institute of Low Carbon and Clean Energy,Beijing 102211,China;School of Mines,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China)
出处
《煤炭科学技术》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期28-47,共20页
Coal Science and Technology
基金
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFC0501100)
煤炭开采水资源保护与利用国家重点实验室资助项目(GJNY-18-77)。
关键词
采动裂隙
保水开采
地表沉陷
生态保护
覆岩
沉陷区治理
mining fractures
water conservation mining
surface subsidence
ecological protection
overlying strata
treatment of subsidence area
