摘要
矿区采动损伤监测是研究地表移动变形规律、开采损害预警、减损设计的重要依据。由于西部特殊开采地质条件、生态损伤累积效应和传统开采沉陷监测技术在观测精度、数据处理、成本投入和监测效率等方面的缺陷,从煤炭开采全生命周期角度出发,提出采动损伤科学内涵并构建矿区“空天地”一体化监测技术体系。以神东矿区上湾煤矿12401工作面为研究背景,利用BDS+GPS进行控制测量,为地表形变监测提供高精度空间三维坐标;基于InSAR技术探究地表沉降量和形变速率的时空演化规律;采用无人机与现场实测方法厘清地裂缝发育规律与工作面推进速度、来压步距的对应关系;运用固定站式三维激光扫描精确获得地表下沉量;通过高密度电法和探地雷达揭示地下深层隐伏裂缝的发育趋势与部分岩层的离层现象。研究成果发现开采后地表存在抬升现象,在抬升与下沉交界处容易形成地裂缝。中部动态裂缝宽度变化存在“单峰裂隙”与“双峰裂隙”演化规律,前峰裂缝宽度约为后峰的1.5倍,前后峰值间隔10 d左右。通过InSAR精细观测区、GNSS控制点与三维激光扫描结果进行多源数据融合,得到工作面地表沉降云图和采动损伤数据信息,厘清基本顶周期来压、主关键层破断与地表主裂缝的周期性传导关系。
Mining damage monitoring in mining area is an important basis for studying the law of surface movement and deformation,early warning of mining damage,and damage mitigation design.Due to the special mining geological conditions in the western China,the cumulative effect of ecological damage and the shortcomings of traditional mining subsidence monitoring technology in observation accuracy,data processing,cost input and monitoring efficiency,from the perspective of the whole life cycle of coal mining,the scientific connotation of mining damage is proposed and the integrated monitoring technology of“space-sky-surface”is built.Taking the 12401 working face of the Shangwan coal mine in the Shendong mining area as the research background,the BDS+GPS is used for control measurement to provide high-precision spatial three-dimensional coordinates for surface deformation monitoring.Based on the InSAR technology,the temporal and spatial evolution law of surface subsidence and deformation rate is explored.The UAV and field measurement are used to clarify the corresponding relationship between the development law of ground fissures and the advancing speed and weighting step of the working face.The surface subsidence is accurately obtained by using fixed station 3D laser scanning.The development trend of deep hidden fractures and the separation phenomenon of some rock strata are revealed through high-density electrical method and ground penetrating radar.The research results show that there is a phenomenon of surface uplift after mining,and ground fissures are easy to form at the junction of uplift and subsidence.The variation of dynamic fracture width in the middle has the evolution law of“single-peak fracture”and“double-peak fracture”.The fracture width of the front peak is about 1.5 times that of the rear peak,and the interval between the front and rear peaks is about 10 days.Through the multi-source data fusion of the InSAR fine observation area,the GNSS control points and 3D laser scanning results,the surface
作者
李全生
李晓斌
张凯
曹志国
郭俊廷
阎跃观
张村
徐祝贺
赵勇强
LI Quansheng;LI Xiaobin;ZHANG Kai;CAO Zhiguo;GUO Junting;YAN Yueguan;ZHANG Cun;XU Zhuhe;ZHAO Yongqiang(State Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining,Beijing 102209,China;National Institute of Low Carbon and Clean Energy,Beijing 102211,China;National Energy Investment Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100011,China;School of Energy and Mining Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology—Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《煤炭学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期402-413,共12页
Journal of China Coal Society
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52104155)
煤炭开采水资源保护与利用国家重点实验室资助项目(SHGF-16-25)
煤炭开采水资源保护与利用国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(WPUKFJJ2019-5)。
关键词
采动损伤
“空天地”一体化监测技术
地表沉降
地裂缝
mining damage
space-sky-surface integrated monitoring technology
surface subsidence
ground fissures
field observation
