摘要
烟瘴缺是清廷于烟瘴地区设立的特殊官缺。在烟瘴缺选人条件方面,经历了从严格限定到逐渐宽泛的过程。选人方式方面,康熙时地方督抚题补阶段为掣签,雍正以降,改为督抚、两司"会商",其实质为地方督抚对题补缺人事权形成垄断。再者,乾隆初年确立了以保障烟瘴缺官员生命健康为核心的五省籍贯制度,该制为两广部分烟瘴缺所特有,他省未见此制。烟瘴缺俸满升迁方面,由起初列于即升班内,转为部分留于本省升用,说明督抚在烟瘴缺题补中分割吏部对官员任命权的同时,也被迫承担了原本由吏部承担的责任,呈现出权力与责任趋向成正比的态势。乾隆中期以降,烟瘴缺制度未有大的变动,说明其时清廷边疆治理体系已相对成熟稳定。
Miasma Territory Official Postings were special positions set up by the Qing government in"unhealthy"areas.The selection of candidates to serve in these regions underwent a process from strict regulation to a gradual relaxation.The method of selection in the Kangxi period,involved the local governors who made decisions by drawing lots.In Yongzheng period,the process was based on a"consultations"between provincial Finance and Judicial Commissioners.The essence of this was that the local governors monopolized the power over these official appointments.Moreover,in the early years of Qianlong’s reign,the"five-province native place system"essentially protected the lives and health of officials.The five-province native place system was unique to some Miasma Territory Official Posts in Guangdong and Guangxi,and was not found in other provinces.In terms of the salary and promotion,after the completion of the Miasma Territory Official Posts,the Ministry of Personnel initially listed personnel who completed their full terms among personnel to be immediately transferred and promoted one grade.Later this was changed to promotion within the province.This shows that while the governor the Ministry of Personnel Posts divided the power of appointment,the provincial governor assumed the responsibilities that originally Ministry of Personnel had undertaken.This change represents a trend that showed power and responsibility tended to be proportional.After the middle of Qianlong period,there were no major changes to the system of Miasma Territory Official Posts,indicating that the frontier governance system of the Qing government was relatively mature and stable by that time.
作者
付永杰
FU Yongjie(School of History and Culture,Central China Normal University)
出处
《清史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第1期135-148,共14页
The Qing History Journal
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目“康熙后期琼州县官迁升探究”(项目编号:2020CXZZ049)资助成果。
关键词
清代
烟瘴缺
两广
五省籍贯制
留本省升用
Qing Dynasty
miasma territory official posts
Guangdong and Guangxi
five-province native place system
"stay in the province for promotion"
