摘要
分析不同叶片角和布置角下导鱼栅的导鱼效果,获取最优的导鱼栅布置方式,为下行过鱼设施设计提供理论依据及参考。以鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)幼鱼为研究对象,通过设置导鱼栅布置角度(15°、30°、45°)和叶片角度(15°、30°、45°、90°),在室内开展模型实验,分析鳙从导鱼旁路下行(引导成功)和从导鱼栅叶片间隙下行(引导失败)的通过率,确定最优运行工况。结果表明:在所有工况下,实验鱼均出现了顶流现象,但顶流率均小于50%;导鱼栅布置角和叶片角同为30°时,辅助鱼类下行的成功率最高,达95%;其他工况下,成功率均低于75%。导鱼栅附近的水力条件表明,流速沿着导鱼栅方向呈现波浪线上升,紊动能分布总体呈现先上升后下降的趋势,紊动能范围为0~0.0032 m^(2)/s^(2)。
Fish guidance systems have been widely used abroad as an engineering measure to aid downstream migration, but they have not been widely adopted in China. In this lab study, carried out in a modified flume, juvenile bighead carp swam through a guide slot or around the fish guide that was configured with six combinations of the fish guide(layout) angle and blade(slot) angle. The rates of successful passage were analyzed to determine optimal operating conditions. Juvenile bighead carp of body length(10.13±1.09) cm and body weight(14.68±3.58) g were acclimated for 3 d before the test and the experiment was carried out in a flume(12.0 m×0.4 m×1.0 m) with circulating water. The fish guide configurations were set as follows: with a slot blade angle of 30°, the fish guide angle was set at 15°, 30°, 45° and90° and, with the fish guide set at 30°, the slot blades were set at 15°, 30° and 45°. During the test, water velocity was set at 0.3 m/s and one individual was tested in each trial, with 30 repetitions for each configuration. The experiments were recorded and analyzed. If a fish passed through a slot between the blades within 10 min, it was recorded as a successful passage. Results show that test fish swam against flow under all configurations, but the rates of swimming against flow were less than 50% for all the groups. When the layout angle and blade angle were both 30°, the success rate of fish migrating downstream was the highest(up to 95.0%);Under other conditions, the success rates were all less than 75.0%. In addition, analysis of hydraulic conditions near the fish guide indicated that the flow velocity oscillated as it increased,and the distribution of turbulent kinetic energy generally increased initially and then decreased, within the range of 0-0.0032 m^(2)/s^(2). The results of this research provide a reference, with data, to support projects in China that are designed to aid downstream migration of fish.
作者
周元淼
朱海峰
李敏讷
望磊
石小涛
莫伟均
何贞俊
ZHOU Yuan-miao;ZHU Hai-feng;LI Min-ne;WANG Lei;SHI Xiao-tao;MO Wei-jun;HE Zhen-jun(College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,P.R.China;Pearl River Water Resources Research Institute,Guangzhou 510611,P.R.China)
出处
《水生态学杂志》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期110-116,共7页
Journal of Hydroecology
基金
优秀青年科学基金项目(51922065)
国家自然科学基金项目(51579136)。
关键词
下行过鱼设施
鳙幼鱼
导鱼栅
鱼类行为学
流速
紊动能
downstream fish passage
juvenile bighead carp
fish guidance system
fish behavior
flow velocity
turbulent kinetic energy
