摘要
解析鱼类上溯过程中的游泳行为及其对鱼道水力学条件的响应是优化鱼道设计、提高鱼类上溯效率和成功率的关键。本文以异齿裂腹鱼为研究对象,通过将流场、紊动能场、应变率场与鱼类上溯及折返轨迹相叠加,分析各水力学因子对折返行为及重新上溯的影响,并结合鱼类上溯过程中的能量消耗率进一步探讨折返行为的内在原因。结果表明:鱼类在上溯过程中普遍存在折返行为,其折返行为大多是为了搜寻合适的上溯路径。鱼道流速是引发折返行为的主导因素,鱼类折返行为集中发生在高流速区域,折返后倾向于选取低流速区域重新上溯;紊动能在折返运动导向方面有显著贡献,鱼类趋向于从低紊动能区域折返,并选择较高紊动能区域重新上溯;水流应变率对鱼类折返行为的影响相对较小。鱼类上溯轨迹点处的水力因子与能量消耗率相关性分析表明,高能量消耗和生理压力是引发折返行为的内在原因。
Analyzing the swimming behavior of fish during upstream migration and its response to the hydraulic conditions of fishway is the key to optimizing fishway design and improving the upstream efficiency and success rate of fish. Taking Schizothorax o ’connori as the research object,we analyzed the influence of each hydraulic factor on the reentry behavior and renewed upstream migration by combining the flow field,turbulent kinetic energy field and strain rate field with the upstream migration or reentry trajectories of fish together. We further explored the underlying causes of reentry behavior by combining the energy consumption rate of fish during upstream migration. The results showed that fish had general reentry behavior during upstream migration,and most of its reentry behavior was to search for a suitable path of upstream migration. The velocity of fishway was the dominant factor triggering the reentry behavior. The reentry behavior of fish was concentrated in the high velocity regions. After reentry,the fish tended to select low velocity regions to renew upstream migration. The turbulent kinetic energy had a significant contribution to the direction of reentry movement. Fish tended to return from lower turbulent kinetic energy regions,and selected higher turbulent kinetic energy regions to renew upstream migration.The strain rate had a relatively minor effect on the reentry behavior. Results of correlation analysis between the hydraulic factors and the energy consumption rate at the track points of upstream migration indicated that the high energy consumption and physiological stress were the internal causes that triggered the reentry behavior.
作者
吴震
杨忠勇
石小涛
蒋永强
陈里
金志军
WU Zhen;YANG Zhong-yong;SHI Xiao-tao;JIANG Yong-qiang;CHEN Li;JIN Zhi-jun(Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region,Ministry of Education,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,Hubei China;Power China Guiyang Engineering Corporation Ltd.,Guiyang 550081,China).)
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第11期3382-3393,共12页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51579136)
湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划鱼类过坝技术项目(T201703)
国家内河航道整治工程技术研究中心开放基金项目(SLK2018B02)资助
关键词
异齿裂腹鱼
折返行为
流速
紊动能
应变率
能量消耗率
Schizothorax o’connori
reentry behavior
velocity
turbulent kinetic energy
strain rate
energy consumption rate
