摘要
涵洞在维持地表水流动的同时也保证了当地水域生境的完整性,为洄游鱼类提供了基因交流通道。作为影响涵洞式鱼道运行效果的重要因素,洞内阴暗的光照条件可能在一定程度上迟滞了鱼类的上溯,制约了涵洞的过鱼能力。本研究在涵洞物理模型中构建涵洞典型光环境,针对我国重要冷水性经济鱼种齐口裂腹鱼(Schizothorax prenanti)展开调查。实验设置2个光色水平(白光、绿光),3个照度水平(10~100 lx、100~1000 lx、1000 lx以上)与黑暗对照组,以实验鱼进入涵洞的尝试次数、尝试成功率及在涵洞内外的分布率为指标,分析了不同光照下齐口裂腹鱼通过涵洞式鱼道过程中的行为变化及其上溯规律。结果表明:在100~1000 lx的绿光条件下,齐口裂腹鱼的尝试次数显著高于10~100 lx绿光(P=0.009)和同照度下白光的尝试次数(P=0.044);实验设置照度和光色的改变不会引起齐口裂腹鱼尝试成功率的显著改变(P=0.819);白光在照度为0~1000 lx时能吸引齐口裂腹鱼尝试进入涵洞,并在一定概率下成功上溯,但当照度达到1000 lx以上时会引起鱼的逃逸行为;绿光在100~1000 lx的照度下能够大幅提高齐口裂腹鱼到达涵洞上游的比例至(22.50±8.74)%,但1000 lx以上的绿光则会造成鱼在涵洞内的滞留,使该比例下降至(16.44±4.01)%。本研究提出了相应的涵洞式鱼道光环境优化策略,先使用100~1000 lx的绿光将鱼类吸引进涵洞,再使用1000 lx白光刺激其快速通过涵洞。
Culverts are important in maintaining surface water flow and guaranteeing the integrity of the local water habitat,and thus providing gene exchange channel for the majority of migratory fish.As an important factor affecting the efficacy of culvert fishways,the darkened environment in the culvert barrel partly delays the ascending migrants,impairing the passage performance for target fish.We set up typical light conditions in a physical culvert model and conducted an experiment with Schizothorax prenanti,a cold-water species with economic significance in China.We examined the behavioral strategies and upstream swimming of S.prenanti in the culvert passage under different light treatments,including two colors(white light and green light),three illuminance levels(10-100 lx,100-1000 lx,and above 1000 lx),and the control group of total darkness,by measuring the attempts,attempt success rate,and the distribution within and outside the culvert.The attempts of fish in the green light treatment of 100-1000 lx were significantly higher than that in the green light of 10-100 lx(P=0.009)and white light of the same illuminance(P=0.044).The change of illuminance and color settings did not affect attempt success rate of S.prenanti(P=0.819).The white light motivated the attempts of test individuals into the culvert at the illuminance range of 0-1000 lx,contributing to the successful pass with a certain probability,while it sparked the escapes at above 1000 lx.The green light of 100-1000 lx substantially increased the proportion of S.prenanti reaching the upstream of the culvert(22.50±8.74)%while trapped the fish in the barrel at above 1000 lx,reduced the ratio to(16.44±4.01)%.Our study provided an optimizing strategy for culvert fishway,i.e.alluring the target fish into the entrance with the green light of 100-1000 lx and then accelerating the passage using white light of 1000 lx.
作者
黄婕
林晨宇
石小涛
张宁
石尚上
成必新
莫伟均
HUANG Jie;LIN Chen-yu;SHI Xiao-tao;ZHANG Ning;SHI Shang-shang;CHENG Bi-xin;MO Wei-jun(Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage,Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,Hubei,China;College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Wuhan Washui Eco-hydraulic Engineering&Technology Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430070,China;AShanghai Investigation,Design and Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200434,China;Pearl River Hydraulic Research Institute of Pearl River Water Resources Commission,Guangzhou 510611,China)
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第7期2155-2163,共9页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目(51922065)
湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划项目(T201703)
中国三峡建设管理有限公司公司科研项目(2018(W)-221)资助。
关键词
光环境
涵洞式鱼道
趋光性
上溯洄游
light environment
culvert fishway
phototaxis
upstream migration
