摘要
目的了解安徽省巢湖市60岁以上人群慢阻肺的流行特征,探索影响慢阻肺发生发展的危险因素,为制定疾病预防和控制措施提供数据学基础。方法选取巢湖市60岁以上的常住居民作为研究对象,通过多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取样本进行问卷调查和肺功能检测,按照慢阻肺诊断标准将所有研究对象分为对照组和慢阻肺组,比较两组人群在流行病学分布上的差异性,并采用logistics回归分析影响慢阻肺发生的危险因素。结果研究共有1722例,所有研究对象平均年龄和体重指数分别为70.4±7.5岁及(20.4±3.5)kg/m^(2),其中男性占比49.25%,具有大专及以上学历的占比20.96%,有63.88%的研究对象居住地为城镇,有23.11%的研究对象目前仍在吸烟,有32.58%已戒烟,28.16%有被动吸烟史或仍在接受被动吸烟,有16.20%的研究对象曾从事包括煤矿工、粉刷工等接触粉尘颗粒性物质的工作,有51.34%曾说家族中存在呼吸系统疾病史,83.57%有包括冠心病、高血压、糖尿病在内的其他慢性疾病。研究确诊慢阻肺232例,按照是否有慢阻肺将所有研究对象分为慢阻肺组和对照组,两组人员在在体重指数、婚姻状况、学历、居住地、使用燃料类型及是否有呼吸系统疾病家族史方面无明显差异性,但在年龄、性别、吸烟状况、既往粉尘接触史及是否合并慢性病上存在明显差异性。采用多因素logistics回归分析发现年龄(OR_(70~79 vs.60~69)=2.578,P=0.024;OR_(≥80 vs.60~69)=4.258,P=0.018)、吸烟情况(OR_(被动吸烟vs.主动吸烟)=0.683,P=0.073;OR_(已戒烟vs.主动吸烟)=0.365,P=0.020;OR_(不吸烟vs.主动吸烟)=0.252,P=0.008)和既往职业中有粉尘接触史(OR=0.158,P=0.010)是COPD患病的主要影响因素。结论巢湖市60岁以上人群慢阻肺的患病率大致为13.47%,高龄、吸烟及既往职业中有粉尘接触史是引发慢阻肺的重要危险因素。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of COPD in people over 60 years old in Chaohu City,Anhui Province,and explore the risk factors affecting the occurrence and development of COPD,and to provide a data basis for formulating prevention and control measures of COPD.Methods Permanent residents over 60 years old in Chaohu City were selected as the research subjects.The subjects were selected by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method.All research subjects were divided into two different groups according to the diagnostic criteria of COPD and received questionnaire survey and pulmonary function tests.The differences in epidemiological distribution of the two groups were compared byχ^(2)test.Logistics regression was used to analyze the risk factors affecting COPD.Results A total of 1722 cases were investigated in this study.The prevalence of COPD in people over 60 years old was 13.47%.The average age and body mass index of all research subjects were 70.4±7.5 years old and 20.4±3.5 kg/m^(2),respectively.Among them,49.25%were males,20.96%had college degree or above,and 63.88%lived in cities and towns.23.11%of the subjects still smoked,32.58%had quit smoking,and 28.16%had a history of passive smoking or were still receiving passive smoking.16.20%of the subjects had an occupational exposure to dust and particulate matter as coal miners and painters.51.34%of the subjects had a family history of respiratory diseases.83.57%of the subjects had other chronic diseases,including coronary heart disease,hypertension,and diabetes.There were 232 cases diagnosed as COPD in this study.All subjects were divided into the COPD group and control group according to the diagnostic criteria of COPD.There were no significant differences between the two groups in body mass index,marital status,education,residence,type of fuel used and family history of respiratory diseases.However,there were significant differences in age,gender,smoking status,occupational dust exposure and chronic disease complications
作者
高硕
高建荣
颜刚林
GAO Shuo;GAO Jian-rong;YAN Gang-lin(Department of Respiratory and Critical Care,Chaohu Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University,Hefei 238000,China)
出处
《公共卫生与预防医学》
2022年第1期136-140,共5页
Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine
基金
安徽省教育厅教育部高等学校科技研究项目(KJ2018A0667)。
