摘要
不同于欧盟食品安全风险预防原则,我国食品安全预防原则具有独特意蕴。就含义而言,欧盟风险预防原则的规制对象是欧盟及其成员国机构在食品安全风险管理阶段的裁量性行政权力,启动条件的事实基础是存在科学上不确定的食品安全风险,主观要件是“认为将威胁高水平的保护公众健康而采取措施”;而我国分别是行政机关和食品生产经营者在食品安全监管中的监管行为与生产经营行为、食品安全事故隐患与系统性食品安全风险以及“依法采取措施”。就实现机制而言,欧盟风险预防原则的实现机制是食品安全风险评估制度和风险管理制度以及司法审查制度;而我国则是责任约谈制度、生产经营者自查制度、食品安全风险监测、评估和分级管理制度。就理据而言,欧盟风险预防原则的理据是有效回应作为技术性风险的食品风险规制需要以及协调高水平保护公众生命健康与统一市场之间的矛盾;而我国则是有效回应食品安全事故频发的现实以及实现保障公众身体健康和生命安全的立法宗旨。阐释、检讨和改造我国食品安全预防原则应秉承科学的学术立场,不能简单地以欧盟食品安全风险预防原则为范本或坐标,而应立足于我国食品安全监管的现实。
There are significant differences between the precautionary principle of food safety of China and the risk precautionary principle of EU.In terms of meaning,the EU's regulatory object is the discretionary administrative power of institutions of the EU and its member states in the food safety risk management stage.The starting conditions of EU are mainly the existence of scientifically uncertain food safety risks,while the regulatory object of China is the regulatory actions of the administrative agency and the production and operation behaviors of producers and operators in food safety supervision,the starting conditions of China are food safety accidents and systemic food safety risks.The EU's implementation mechanisms are the food safety risk assessment system and the food safety risk management system and the judicial review system;while the implementation mechanism of China are the responsibility interview system,the production operator self-examination system,the food safety risk monitoring system,the food safety risk assessment system and the hierarchical management system.The EU's rationales are to effectively respond to the need for food risk regulation as a technical risk and to coordinate high levels of protection between the public's life and health and the unified market.However,the rationales of China are an effective response to the reality of frequent food safety incidents and to realize the legislative purpose of safeguarding public health and life safety.Therefore,we cannot simply use the EU food safety precaution principle as a model to transform China's food safety precautional principle.
作者
戚建刚
兰皓翔
QI Jian'gang;LAN Haoxiang
出处
《决策与信息》
2022年第1期26-40,共15页
Decision & Information
基金
2017年度国家社科基金重点项目“环境风险治理工具的行政法进路研究”(编号:17AAFX013)
中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“新行政法视野下的行政手段协同制度研究”(编号:202010692)阶段性成果。
关键词
食品安全
预防原则
食品安全风险预防
欧盟食品安全预防原则
food safety
precautionary principle
food safety risk prevention
EU food safety precautionary principle
