摘要
人在与机器共存空间逼仄下的反动与觉醒,是"人机之辨"被提出的契机。从其本质和思想延续来看,"人机之辨"应当往前接到"人禽之辨"上。"人禽之辨"与"人机之辨"各自有各自的时代意义,二者共通之处在于人的价值困境中显露人之为人的道理。人性论中的性情、道德、向善以及感通是"人禽之辨"与"人机之辨"的关键。机器的"人化"和人的"机器化",是人工智能时代的人需要被警醒的两大问题。两大问题皆与"知识性"教育有关,人通过知识造就机器,但自身又被知识所累而沦为"机器"。过度的"知识性"教育需要被反思,"知识性"教育需要摆正位置,人要脱离"机器化"并审慎对待机器的"人化",这些问题呼唤重启成"人"的教育。"知识性"教育服务于成"人"的教育,人通过"知识性"教育走向对自身以及世界万物的感通,由此成为真正的人。
The reaction and awakening of human beings under the coexistence of space with machines is an opportunity for the"human-machine discrimination"to be put forward.From the point of view of its essence and ideological continuity,"human-machine discrimination"should be connected to"human-animal discrimination."The distinction between human and animal and the distinction between human and machine have their respective epochal meanings.They have in common that they reveal the truth of human beings in the dilemma of human value.In the theory of human nature,temperament,morality,benevolence,and empathy are the keys to distinguishing between human and animal and between human and machine.The"humanization"of machines and the"mechanization"of human beings are two major problems that people need to be alerted to in the era of artificial intelligence.The two major problems are related to"knowledge"education.Humans build machines through knowledge,but they become"machines"because of knowledge.Excessive"knowledge-based"education needs to be rethought,and"knowledge-based"education needs to be put in the right place.People should break away from"mechanization"and treat the"humanization"of machines prudently.These problems call for the re-start of"human"education."Knowledge"education serves the education of"man,"through which man becomes a real man through his understanding of himself and all things in the world.
作者
谌衡
SHEN Heng(School of Educational Science,Hunan Normal University,Changsha,410081,China)
出处
《全球教育展望》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第10期35-46,共12页
Global Education
基金
国家社会科学基金2020年度教育学青年课题“孟子教育人性论的现代重审及其教育思想的展开”(项目编号:CEA200258)的研究成果。
关键词
人禽之辨
人机之辨
人工智能
“知识性”教育
感通
成“人”
human-animal discrimination
human-machine discrimination
artificial intelligence
"knowledge"education
sensation
becoming"human"
