摘要
"威胁范式"可谓是美国国家安全观的基本范式,而威胁认知的塑造则是其明确竞争对手、巩固国内共识、采取应对措施的基础和前提。为了应对外部挑战,维护全球霸权,美国在长期的安全与外交决策实践中逐渐形成了界定外部威胁与渲染"被威胁"叙事,构建"自我"与"他者"的对立,再通过政府宣导为主、公共传播为辅的方式形成政策共识的威胁塑造模式。后冷战时期,美国的威胁认知也在逐步演进,其中对"中国威胁"的叙事由既往对中国经济、军事力量增长的关注逐渐延伸至政治、文化、社会、科技与意识形态等诸多领域。尤其是在特朗普入主白宫后,美国明确将中国定义为首要的战略竞争对手,开始全方位地重新塑造针对中国的"威胁认知",并着重从"价值观威胁""政治文化渗透威胁"和"科技窃密威胁"三个方面构建"中国威胁新叙事",进而对两国在人文社会领域的交流活动造成了严重冲击。
"Threat paradigm"is the fundamental factor of America’s national security perception,while the construction of threat cognition is the basis and premise for the United States(U.S.)to identify its competitors,consolidate domestic consensus and take countermeasures.In response to external challenges so as to maintain its global hegemony,the U.S.has gradually formed an observable pattern of threat perception by defining external threats and rendering"threatened"narratives,constructing the antithesis of"self"and"the others",and then developing a policy consensus through government-led propaganda and public communication.In the post-Cold War period,the perception of threat in the U.S.has gradually evolved,wherein the narrative of"China threat"has extended from its previous focus on the growth of China’s economy and military power to manifold realms,namely,politics,culture,society,science and technology,and ideology.After Donald Trump took office,the U.S.government explicitly defined China as its foremost strategic rival and reformulated the"threat perception"in all aspects against China.The multi-faceted"novel narratives of China threat",mainly based on"threat of value","threat of political and cultural infiltration",and"threat of technology theft and espionage",eventually brought forth severe impacts on the cultural and social exchanges between the two countries.
作者
信强
陈宸
Xin Qiang;Chen Chen
出处
《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第5期23-34,共12页
Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition
基金
教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目(20JZD056)
国际中文教育研究课题委托项目资助(20YH02E)
高校人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(17JJDGJW008)。
关键词
威胁认知
中国威胁论
政策叙事
中美人文交流
Threat Perception
"China Threat"Theory
Policy Narratives
Sino-U.S.People-to-People Exchanges
